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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biology
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is the scientific study of life
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Reproduction
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the ability of organisms to reproduce their own kind
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Order
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the highly ordered structure that typifies life
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Growth & Development
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consistent growth and development controlled by inherited DNA
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Energy processing
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the use of chemical energy to power an organism's activities and chemical reaction
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Response to the environment
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an ability to respond to environmental stimuli
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Regulation
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an ability to control an organisms internal environment within limits that sustain life
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Evolutionary adaptation
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adaptations evolve over many generations as individuals with traits best suited to their environments have the greater reproductive success and pass their traits to offspring
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Biosphere
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all of the environments on Earth that support life
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Ecosystem
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all the organisms living in a particular area and the physical components with which the organisms interact
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Community
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the entire array of organisms living in a particular ecosystem
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Population
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all the individuals of a species living in a specific area
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Organisms
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an individual living thing
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Organ system
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several organs that cooperate in a specific function
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Organ
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a structure that is composed of tissues and that provides a specific function for the organism
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Tissues
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a group of similar cells that perform a specific function
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Cells
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the fundamental unit of life
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Organelle
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a membrane-bound structure that performs a specific function in a cell
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Molecule
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a cluster of small chemical units called atoms held together by chemical bonds
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Emergent properties
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* new properties that arise in each step upward in the hierarchy of life
*from the arrangement and interactions among component parts |
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Cells can
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*regulate its internal environment
*take in and use energy *respond to its environment *develop and maintain its complex organization, and give rise to new cells |
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Two Basic Types of Cells
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* Prokaryotic
* Eukaryotic |
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Prokaryotic
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*first to evolve
*are similar *are usually smaller than eukaryotic cells |
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Eukaryotic
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*contain membrane-enclosed organelles, including a nucleus containing DNA and
*are found in plants, animals, and fungi |
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The dynamics of ecosystems include two major processes:
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*the recycling of chemical nutrients from the atmosphere and soil through producers, consumers, and decomposers back to the environment
*the one-way flow of energy through an ecosystem, entering as sunlight, converted to chemical energy by producers, passed on to consumers, and exiting as heat. |
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Genes
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*are the unit of inheritance that transmits information from parents to offspring
*are grouped into very long DNA molecules called chromosomes *control the activities of a cell |
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Homeostasis
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the ability of an organism to maintain relatively constant internal conditions
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What is the highest temperature one can encounter before brain damage will occur?
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109.4
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What is the lowest temperature one can encounter before brain damage can occur?
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78.8
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Diversity of life can be arranged into three
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Domains
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Bacteria
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are the most diverse and widespread prokaryotes
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Archaea
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are prokaryotes that often live in Earth's extreme environments
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Eukarya
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have eukaryotic cells and include
*single-celled protists *multicellular fungi, animals, and plants |
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The diversity of life can be arranged into categories
(King Phillip Came Over For Great Spaghetti) |
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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The domain Eukarya is divided into 4 kingdoms
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*protists
-algae, protozoans, slime molds *fungi -mold, mushrooms, yeast *plant -plantae *animals -animalia |
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Total number of species
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estimated 5-10 million species on Earth, only about 2 million named and identified
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Natural selection
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is a mechanism for evolution
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Natural selections was inferred by connecting two observations
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*individuals in a population vary in their traits, many of which are passed on from parents to offspring.
*a population can produce far mote offspring than the environment can support |
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Inductive reasoning
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to draw general conclusions from many observations
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Deductive reasoning
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to come up with ways to test a hypothesis
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Hypothesis
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a proposed explanation for a set of observation.
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Theory
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*much broader in scope than a hypothesis
*usually general enough to generate many new specific hypothesis, which can then be tested and *supported by a large and usually growing body of evidence |
