Chapter 1

Front 1

Name the process of exchanging of substances between the organism and its environment.

Back 1

Diffusion

Front 2

Diffusion occurs rapidly if??

Back 2

1.surface area of organisms contact with the environment is large.
2.the volume of organism is small
3.the TSA/v of organism is large
4.the distance between the source of substance and the cells is near
5.high concentration gradient is maintained between the source of substances and the body cells

Front 3

How is unicellular organism's TSA/V??

Back 3

large

Front 4

How diffusion occur in unicellular organism??

Back 4

Nutrient,oxygen can diffuse across the surface area easily.

Front 5

How is multicellular organism's TSA/V??

Back 5

small

Front 6

How diffusion occur in multicellular organism??

Back 6

Nutrient,oxygen hard to diffuse across the surface area because the distance between the substance source and the body cells is too far

Front 7

Way to overcome the problem of multicellular organism.

Back 7

By carrying out the circulatory system.

Front 8

The advantages of circulatory system.

Back 8

1.distribution of nutrients and oxygen throughout the body
2.the removal of waste products from the body

Front 9

State the major component of circulatory system

Back 9

1.blood
2.heart
3.blood vessel

Front 10

State the function of blood

Back 10

1.transportation
2.regulation
3.protection

Front 11

How blood practise the function of transportation(3)

Back 11

1.carry O2 from lung to cell
carry CO2 for cell to lung
2.transports nutrients,oxygen and antibodies throughout the body
3.transports the waste product out from the body

Front 12

How does regulation take place(3)

Back 12

1.maintain pH level of blood fluid
2.maintain body temperature
3.maintains water contain in cells

Front 13

How does protection take place(2)

Back 13

1.prevent excess blood loss
2.prevent disease,against infection

Front 14

State the function of heamolymph

Back 14

transports water, inorganic salts and organic component throughout the heamocoel

Front 15

composition of human blood

Back 15

55% plasma
45% cellular component

Front 16

list out 5 constituents of plasma

Back 16

1.water
2.ions
3.plasma protein
4.hormones
5.dissolved substances

Front 17

state the function of water

Back 17

a SOLVENT to transport dissolved substances

Front 18

state the function of ions

Back 18

maintain the osmotic balance and the pH of the blood at 7.4

Front 19

List out the type of plasma proteins

Back 19

1.Albumin
2.Fibrinogen
3.Immuniglobulins

Front 20

State the function of plasma proteins

Back 20

1.clotting factor
2.antibodies

Front 21

State the function of hormones

Back 21

control physiological activities in the body

Front 22

Name the types of cellular components

Back 22

1.Erthrocyctes
2.Leucocyte
3.Platelets

Front 23

Structure of red blood cell adapts it to its function

Back 23

1.biconcave disc
2.doesn't hv nuclei
3.large surface area to volume ration
4.formed from bone-marrow
5.contain Haemoglobin, it is an oxygen-carrying protein pigment

Front 24

Structure of white blood cell (leucocyte) adapts it to its function

Back 24

1.irregular in shape
2.most of them larger than red blood cell
3.made of stem cells and bone marrow
4.fight in various ways

Front 25

Two groups that can Leucocytes can be classified

Back 25

1.Granulocytes
2.Agranulocytes

Front 26

Types in Granulocytes group

Back 26

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

Front 27

Function of Neutrophils

Back 27

engulf and digest

Front 28

Function of Erosinophils

Back 28

release enzyme

Front 29

Function of Basophils

Back 29

involving in combating inflammatory and allergic reactions
kill parasite

Front 30

Types in Agranulocytes

Back 30

Lymphocytes
Monocytes

Front 31

Function of Lymphocytes

Back 31

Produce the immune response against foreign substances

Front 32

Function of Monocytes

Back 32

engulf and digest