Chapter 1

Front 1

Family Aggregation

Back 1

Whether a psychological disorder runs in the family

Front 2

Doubble Blind Study

Back 2

A study were neither the test subjects or the experimenter working with them know which group recieved the treatment and which did not.

Front 3

Elements of Abnormality

Back 3

Suffering, Maladaptiveness, Deviancy, Violations of the standards of society, Social discomfort, Irrationality and Unpredictability

Front 4

Stereotypes

Back 4

Are autonomic beliefs that people have about other people based on knowing one thing about them. ( color, gender)

Front 5

Symptom

Back 5

Is a single indicator of a problem it can involve affect, behavior or cognition.

Front 6

Syndrome

Back 6

Is a group or cluster of syntoms that all occur toghether.

Front 7

DSM-IV Defenition of mental disorders

Back 7

-A clinically significant behavioral or psychologycal syndrome or patern.
-Associated with distress or diasbility in one or more important areas of functioning.
-Not simply a predictable and culturally santioned response to a particular event.
-Considered to reflect behavioral, psychologycal or biological dysfunction in the individual.
-

Front 8

Wakefield's defenition of a mental disorder

Back 8

-Causes significant disterss or disability.
-Is not merly an expectable response to a particular event.
-is a manifestation of a mental dysfunction.

Front 9

Abnormal Behavior

Back 9

Is behavior that deviates from the norms of the society in which it is enacted.

Front 10

Epidemiology

Back 10

Is the study of the distributionof diseases, disorders or health related behaviors in a given population.

Front 11

Prevalence

Back 11

Refers to the number of active cases in a population during any given period of time.

Front 12

Point Prevalence

Back 12

Refers to the estimated proprtion of actual active cases of a disorder in a given population at any instant of time

Front 13

Lifetime Prevalence

Back 13

Refers to the estimated proportion of active and inactive cases of a disorder at any given time during a persons lifetime within a population.

Front 14

Incidence

Back 14

Refers to the numbers of new cases that occur over a given period of time, typically one year.

Front 15

Comorbidity

Back 15

Is the term used to describe the presence of two or more disorders in the same person.

Front 16

Case Study

Back 16

A method of Aquiring information on a certain individual with a mental disorder. the limitation of case studies include not being able to apply it to similar cases.

Front 17

Direct observation

Back 17

were an exsaminer observes the subject in a controled enviroment.

Front 18

Self-report data

Back 18

where the subject provides information by answering questions or a survey. Its limmitation is that people tend to lie.

Front 19

Sampling

Back 19

To select a proportion of a population to represent the entire population.

Front 20

Coparison Group

Back 20

To test their hypotheses, researchers use a comparison gfroup or control group. this is a group of people who do not exibit the disorder being studied, but who are comparable in all other major respects to the criterion group.

Front 21

Criterion Group

Back 21

People who exibit the disorder being studied.

Front 22

Observational Research

Back 22

Does not involve any manipulation of variables. the researchers selects groups of interest then compares the groups on a variety of diffrent characteristics.

Front 23

Retrospective Strategies

Back 23

When a researcher tries to reconstruct the person's past before he/she developed the psycholagical disorder. The limitations of this technique is that the memory of an ill patient, the bases of the experimenter, and the selective nature of memories can cloud the facts.

Front 24

Prospective Strategy

Back 24

The idea is to identify individuals who have a higher than average likelyhood to develop a psychological disorder and focus on them before the disorder dvelops.

Front 25

Possitive Correlation

Back 25

Both variables increase or decrease at the same time. A correlation coefficient close to +1.00 indicates a strong positive correlation.

Front 26

Negative Correlation

Back 26

Indicates that as the amount of one variable increases, the other decreases (and vice versa). A correlation coefficient close to -1.00 indicates a strong negative correlation.

Front 27

Independent Variable

Back 27

A factor that could have an effect on a variable or outcome of interest.

Front 28

Dependent Variable

Back 28

The outcome of interest that is observed to change with the manipulation of the independent variable, thus changing the outcome.

Front 29

Single-case Study Research Desing

Back 29

A central feature of this desing is that the same subject is studied over time. Behavior or performance is studied at one point can be compared to behavior or performance at a later time after a specific intervention or treatment has been introduced.

Front 30

ABAB Desing

Back 30

One of the most basic experimental desinngs in single case research is the ABAB desing. It is broken down into four phases:
A- Data is collected from the subject.
B-Introduce a treatment, note any changes.
A-Withdraw the treatment, note any changes.
B-Reintroduce the treatment and see what happens.