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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Incas
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-began as a tribe in Cuzco area around 1200
-leader Manco Capac |
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Mayas
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-began as a tribe in Cuzco area around 1200
-leader Manco Capac |
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Aztecs
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who: ethnic groups of central Mexico spoke Nahuatl language
when: 14th, 15th, 16th centuries significance: dominated large pats of Mesoamerica |
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Chaco Canyon
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what: canyon created by the Anasazi
when: started being built in early AD 900s; still partly standing today significance: people were able to connect with other towns over far-reaching network of roads |
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Woodland
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What
created part of their wealth from processes that dont depend on territory when:19th century significance: depend in a way on immobile societies |
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Mobile Societies (Native Americans)
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who: created part of their wealth from processes that do not depend on the territory
when: 19th century significance: depended in a way on mobile societies |
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Agriculture(Natives)
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what: agriculture done by the first people living in america
when: around 2000 B.C. significance: they were hunters & gatherers but werent people that were able to plant |
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Leif Erikson
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who: Norse explorer
when: c. 970- c. 1020 significance: was regarded as the first European to land in North America |
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Prince Henry The Navigator
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who: Portuguese prince
when: late 14th- mid 15th century significance: responsible for the begginning of European explorations and maritime trade |
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Christopher Columbus
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who: he was an Italian navigator, colonizer, and explorer
when:15th century significance: initiated process of Spanish colonization; started the overall European colonization in the "New World" |
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Fredinand Magellan
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who: Portuguese explorer who later obtained Spanish nationality
when: 15th century significance: wanted a westward route to "spice islands"; first expedition to sail from Atlantic into Pacific |
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The Conquistadores
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who: Spanish soldiers, epxlorers, and adventurers
when: 15th - 19th century significance: brought much of the Americas under Spanish cont |
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Cortes
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who: Spanish conquistdor
when: late 15th century- 16th century significance:led expedition that led to the fall of the Aztec Empire |
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Francisco Pizarro
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who: Spanish conquistador
when: 15th -16th century significance: conquered the Incan Empire & founded Lima |
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Ordinance of Discovery
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Significance
When What |
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Catholic Missions (Natives)
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religious group
17th century significance: meant to carry on ministries of evangelism and literacy; or ministries of edu., social justice, health care, & eco devlop. |
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St. Augustine 1565
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Canary Islands were reached
16th century significance:arrived to new lands, encountered new people, and new ways of life |
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Ecomiendas
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labor sys employed by Spanish
18th century significance: it was based on the familiar Reconquista institution |
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Pueblo Revolt 1680
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it was an uprisng of pueblos against spanish colonization of the americas
1680 significance: spanish lost and fled to El Paso del Norte; indians were able to obtain things from them ei: horses |
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John Cabot
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who:Italian navigator & explorer
when: 1497 significance: discovered North America (first European voyage to the continent since Norse Explration of the Americas |
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Richard Hakluyt
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who: English writer
when: c. 1552-1616 significance: put a lot of effort in promoting & supporting settlement of North America |
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Doctrine of Predestination
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what: doctrine of Calvinism
when: 16th century significance: questions the control of Go |
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The English Reformation
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what: series of events by which the Church of England broke away from Roman Catholic Church
when: 16th century significance: phases were greatly driven by changes in government policy |
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John Calvin
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who: influential French theoligian & pastor during Protestant Reformation
when: 16th century significance: principle figure in the development if the system of Christian theology |
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Puritan Separtists
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English-speaking Protestants; Puritanism founded by Marian exils
when:the 16th and 17th centuries |
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Elizabeth I
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who: queen regnant of England & queen regnant of Ireland
when: 16th century significance: her time was known as Elizabethan era; English drama flourished |
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Coureurs de Bois
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who: queen regnant of England & queen regnant of Ireland
when: 16th century significance: her time was known as Elizabethan era; English drama flourished |
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New Amsterdam
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Dutch colonial settlement; served capital of New Netherland
when: 17th century significance: it was explored and chartered by the Dutch East India Company |
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West India Company
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Chartered company of Ducth merchants
when:1621 significance: it was granted a charter for a trade monopoly in the w\West Indies |
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Sir Walter Raleigh
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English aristocrat, writer, soldier, courtier, spy & explorer
when: 17th century significance: made tabacco popular; which helped the economy |
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Roanoke
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colony that was an enterprise financed by Sir Walter Raleigh
when: 16th century significance: everyone disappeared on this island, no one knows what happened |
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James I
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he was King of Scots
when: 16th century significance: kept going the flourishing of English drama and literature |
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Jamestown
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what: town funded in Virginia by English settlers
when: funded in 1607 significance: had inhospitable conditions, isolated from hunting game , did not have good source of water |
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John Smith
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King of Scots
when: 16th century significance: kept going the flourishing of English drama and literature |
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Lord Delaware
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who: Englishman
when: 16th century significance: a bay and a river were named after him |
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Tobacco
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popular product
when:mid 1990s significance: increasingly popular with the arrival of the Europeans; helped with the growth of the economy |
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Virginia Company
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air of chartered English joint stock companies
when:17th century significance: two companies= London Company & Plymouth Company |
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Headright System
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what: a legal grant of land to settlers given by Virgina Company of London
when:17th century significance: it helped with the expansion of the thirteen colonies |
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Powhatans
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-Virginia Indian Tribe
-It is also the name of a powerful group of tribes which they dominated. -Spoke Eastern Algonquian language known as Powhatan -Had problems with English settlers -everything was fixed after marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe |
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Maryland/ Calverts
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-English colony in North America
-existed from the 1632 until 1776 when it joined the thirteen colonies in rebellion against Great Britain Sir George Calvert granted the Palatinate of Maryland by King Charles I of England as recognition of Calvert’s service as a Secretary of State and member of the Privy Council, wson took ove |
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Proprietary Rule
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In 1629 Charles I granted his attorney general a charter to everything between latitudes 36 and 31
-a single government of the Carolinas based in Charleston until 1712, when a separate government was set up for North Carolina -Proprietary rule was unpopular in South Carolina |
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Toleration Test
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Act Concerning Religion
-law mandating religious tolerance for trinitarian Christians - Passed on April 21, 1649 by the assembly of the Maryland colony -second law requiring religious tolerance in the British North American colonies - first legal limitations on hate speech in the world |
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Plymouth Puritan
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Significance
When What |
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Mayflower Compact
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first governing document of Plymouth Colony
-written by colonist, nown to history as the Pilgrims, who crossed the Atlantic aboard the Mayflower. -signed on November 11, 1620 |
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William Bradford
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March 19, 1590 – May 9, 1657
-English leader of the settlers of the Plymouth Colony in -Massachusetts, and was elected thirty times to be the Governor -Bradford is credited as the first to proclaim what popular American culture now views as the first Thanksgiving. |
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Colonial Currency
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few coins were minted in the thirteen colonies that became the United States in 1776
-foreign coins like the Spanish dollar were widely circulated -Colonial governments sometimes issued paper money to facilitate economic activity - British Parliament passed Currency Acts in 1751, 1764, and 1773 that regulated colonial paper money |
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Theocratic Society
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orm of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the state's supreme civil ruler
-"theocracy" means a rule by God -theocracy is a form of government in which divine power governs an earthly human state, either in a personal incarnation or, more often, via religious institutional representatives (ex. church), replacing or dominating civil government. |
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Roger Williams
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-American Protestant theologian
- first American proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state -1636, he began the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, which provided a refuge for religious minorities |
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Anne Hutchinson
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a pioneer settler in Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New Netherlands and the unauthorized minister of a dissident church discussion group
-Hutchinson held Bible meetings -went beyond Bible study to proclaim her own theological interpretations of sermons called -A major controversy ensued and after a trial before a jury of officials and clergy, she was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. |
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Pequot War
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conflict in 1634-1638 between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies with Native American allies against the Pequot tribe
-result was the elimination of the Pequot as a viable polity in what is present-day Southern New England. |
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King Philips War
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Metacon Rebellion armed conflict with the native americans inhabitants of present day southern New England English colonist
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The Narrangansetts
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-Algonquian Native American tribe from Rhode Island
-The Narragansett tribe controls the Narragansett Indian Reservation, 1,800 acres (7.3 km2), or 3.357 square miles acres of trust lands in Charlestown, Rhode Island -In 1998 they requested that DOI take the property into trust, thereby removing it from state and local contro |
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English Civil War
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-(1642–1651)
- was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists -The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651. |
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Middle Colonies
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-Bread Colonies or the Breadbasket Colonies for the region's production of wheat, grain, and oats
-area of the Thirteen British Colonies in pre-Revolutionary War Northern America -Middle Colonies became the states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York and Delawaret |
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Quakers
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Puritans lived religious lifestyle
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Charter of Liberties
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-aka Coronation Charter
-written proclamation by Henry I of England, issued upon his accession to the throne in 1100 -It sought to bind the King to certain laws regarding the treatment of church officials and nobles. It is considered a landmark document[1] in English legal history and a forerunner of Magna Carta -The document addressed abuses of royal power by his predecessor, his brother William Rufus, as perceived by the nobility, specifically the over-taxation of the barons, the abuse of vacant sees, and the practices of simony and pluralism charter of liberties was generally ignored by monarchs until in 1213 |
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Black codes
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Laws passed on the state and local level in the United States, but mostly in the south, to limit the basic human rights and civil liberties of African Americans.
During the 18th-19th century. The black codes enacted immediately after the American Civil War, though varying from state to state, were all intended to secure a steady supply of cheap labor and all continued to assume the inferiority of the freed slaves. |
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Holy Experiment
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It was an attempt by the Quakers to establish a community for themselves in Pennsylvania.
They hoped it would show to the world how well they could function on their own without any persecution or dissension. During the French and Indian War. |
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California 1760's
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California coast was explored by the Spanish and English from the early 1500s to the mid-1700s.
The first such expedition was in 1769, when a mission and presidio were established at San Diego; a company led by Gaspar de Portola then marched up the coast to establish a colony at Monterey. |
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James Oglethorpes
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British general, a philanthropist, and was the founder of the colony of Georgia.
22 December 1696 – 30 June 1785. He hoped to resettle Britain's poor, especially those in debtors' prison, in the New World. |
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Mercantilism
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An economic theory, thought to be a form of economic nationalism.
The theory dominated Western European economic policies from the 16th to the late-18th century. |
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The Navigation Acts
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A series of laws which restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England (after 1707 Great Britain) and its colonies, which started in 1651.
They formed the basis for British overseas trade for nearly 200 years. |
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The Glorious Revolution
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Was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland and II of Ireland) in 1688.
The revolution led to the collapse of the Dominion of New England and the overthrow of Maryland's government |
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William Bradford
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An English leader of the settlers of the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts.
March 19, 1590 – May 9, 1657. Credited as the first to proclaim what popular American culture now views as the first Thanksgiving. |
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Cambridge Agreement
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A deal over whether the Massachusetts Bay Colony would be under local control, in New England, or under the control of a corporate board in London.
Made on August 29, 1629. The Cambridge Agreement guaranteed that Massachusetts would be a self-governing colony, answerable only to the King. |
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Church of England
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The officially established Christian church in England.
The faith of Anglicans is founded in the scriptures, the traditions of the apostolic church. Was restored in 1660. |
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Covenant Theology
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Also known as Covenantalism or Federal theology or Federalism.
Many thousands of years ago. It is a conceptual overview and interpretive framework for understanding the overall flow of the Bible. |
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Halfway Covenant
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The Half-Way Covenant was a form of partial church membership created by New England in 1662.
First-generation settlers were beginning to die out, while their children and grandchildren often expressed less religious piety, and more desire for material wealth. |
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Thomas Hooker
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prominent Puritan religious and colonial leader, who founded the Colony of Connecticut after dissenting with Puritan leaders in Massachusetts.
July 5, 1586 – July 7, 1647. Outstanding speaker and a leader of universal Christian suffrage and had a role in creating the "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut", one of the world's first written constitutions. |
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Saybrook Platform
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Conservative religious proposals adopted at Saybrook, Connecticut in September 1708.
The document attempted to stem the tide of disunity among the established Congregational churches and restore discipline among both the clergy and their congregations |
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Cavaliers 1642-1647
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Name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I during the English Civil War (1642–1651).
Prince Rupert, commander of much of Charles I's cavalry, is often considered an archetypical Cavalier. |
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John Locke
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Was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers.
29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704. Locke was the first to define the self through a continuity of consciousness. His work impacted the development of epistemology and political philosophy. |
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John Smith
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Who? England captain
When? From England on December 19, 1606, and landed in Virginia on April 26, 1607 Significance? Founder of Jamestown. |
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Jamestown
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When?Spring 1607
What? founded by John Smith Significance? First London (Virginia) Company Colonial settlement in america. |
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Joint Stock Company
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What?Stockholders hold financial support of company.
When? 1606 issued by James I Significance? Plymouth & London established colonies in America. |
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Indentured Servant
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Who?Africans brought by Dutch,1619
What?not considered slaves by colonists but servants,(expensive) Significance?marked steps towards enslavements of africans in america |
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Puritans
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Who?People that clamored to reform to purify the Church of England
What? Outlawed by English law Significance?Separated from church and worships independently |
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John Winthrop
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Who? wealthy puritan
What? gained charter from King Charles II Significance? led puritans in New World. |
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King Philips War
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What?armed conflict between Native American inhabitants of present-day southern New England and English colonists and their Native American allies
Significance?Wamsutta's brother Metacom (King Philip) became leader and ultimately led his people into war to preserve their traditional way of life. When?1675–1676 |
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The Headright System
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What? a legal grant of land to settlers
Significance?expansion of the thirteen British colonies in North America; the Virginia Company of London gave head to settlers, and the Plymouth Company followed suit. When? 1618 |
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The Calverts
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Who? “first families” of Maryland. Sir George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore, was granted the Palatinate of Maryland.
When?1366 in Yorkshire, England SignifIcance?Maryland's unique colonization |
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Bacon's Rebellion
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What? Uprising in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon, a wealthy planter. Alliance disturbed ruling class who responded by harding racial cast of slavery.
Significance? First rebellion in the American colonies When?1676 |
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William Penn
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Who? English real estate entrepreneur,& philosopher.
When?October 14, 1644 – July 30, 1718 Significance? Founder of the Province of Pennsylvania. |
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Quakers
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Who? Members of the Religious Society of Friends.
When? mid-1600's Significance? Faith that emerged as a new Christian denomination in England during a period of religious turmoil |
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Mercantilism
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What? Economic theory, thought to be a form of economic nationalism.
When? Dominated Western European economic policies from the 16th to the late-18th century. Significance?Holds the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital, and that the global volume of international trade is "unchangeable". |
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Navigation Acts
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What? Series of laws which restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England. served as englands overseas trade for 200 yrs
When? After 1707 Great Britain started 1651 Significance? one of several sources of resentment in the American colonies against Great Britain, helping cause the American Revolutionary War. |
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Roger William
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Who? one of several sources of resentment in the American colonies against Great Britain, helping cause the American Revolutionary War
When? 1606 Significance?the first American proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state. In 1636, he began the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, which provided a refuge for religious minorities. Williams started the First Baptist Church in America Providence before leaving to become a Seeker. He was a student of Indian languages and an advocate for fair dealings with Native Americans. |
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Anne Hutchinson
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Who? pioneer settler in Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New Netherlands and the unauthorized minister of a dissident church discussion group.
When? Baptized July 20, 1591[1][2] – August 20, 1643 Significance? proclaim her own theological interpretations of sermons. Some, such as antinomianism, offended the colony leadership. A major controversy ensued and after a trial before a jury of officials and clergy, she was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. |
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John Coodes Rebellion
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Who? Minister ,wealthy English family
What?participated in four separate uprisings and briefly served as Maryland's governor (1689-1691). When?c. 1648, Cornwall – February or March 1709) Significance? leading a rebellion that overthrew Maryland's colonial government in 1689. |
