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70 Cards in this Set

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Incas
Began as a tribe in the Cuzco area at around 1200.
Inca cultural traditions remain strong among surviving indigenous descendants, such as the Quechua and Aymara people.
The Inca were instructed to create a Temple of the Sun in the spot where the staff sank into the earth, to honor their celestial father.
Mayas
A Mesoamerican civilization noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as its art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems. c.2000 BC to 250 AD.
Aztecs
People of certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, a period referred to as the late post-classic period in Mesoamerican chronology.
Chaco Canyon
canyon created by the Anasazi
started being built in early AD 900s; still partly standing today
people were able to connect with other towns over far-reaching network of roads
Woodland Indians
created part of their wealth from processes that dont depend on territory
19th century
depend in a way on immobile societies
Mobile Societies (Native Americans)
created part of their wealth from processes that do not depend on the territory
19th century
depended in a way on mobile societies
Agriculture (natives)
agriculture done by the first people living in america
around 2000 B.C.
they were hunters & gatherers but werent people that were able to plant
Leif Erikson
Norse explorer
c. 970- c. 1020
was regarded as the first European to land in North America
Prince Henry the Navigator
Portuguese prince
late 14th- mid 15th century
responsible for the beginning of European explorations and maritime trade
Christopher Columbus
he was an Italian navigator, colonizer, and explorer
15th century
process of Spanish colonization; started the overall European colonization in the "New World"
Ferdinand Magellan
Portuguese explorer who later obtained Spanish nationality
15th century
wanted a westward route to "spice islands"; first expedition to sail from Atlantic into Pacific
The Conquistadors
Spanish soldiers, explorers, and adventurers
15th - 19th century
much of the Americas under Spanish control
Cortes
Spanish conquistador
late 15th century- 16th century
led expedition that led to the fall of the Aztec Empire
Fransisco Pizarro
Spanish conquistador
15th -16th century
conquered the Inca Empire & founded Lima
Ordinance of Discovery (Aztec)
a
Catholic Missionaries (natives)
religious group
17th century
meant to carry on ministries of evangelism and literacy; or ministries of e.d.u, social justice, health care, & economy develop.
St. Augustine 1565
Canary Islands were reached
16th century
arrived to new lands, encountered new people, and new ways of life
Ecomiendas
labor slaves employed by Spanish
18th century
it was based on the familiar Reconquista institution
Pueblo Revolt
t was an uprisng of pueblos against spanish colonization of the americas
1680
spanish lost and fled to El Paso del Norte; indians were able to obtain things from them ei: horses
Mestizo
of European and Amerindian ancestry
originated in 1582
meztizo children were seen as bastards; they were associated with illegitimacy
John Cabot
Italian navigator & explorer
1497
discovered North America (first European voyage to the continent since Norse Exploration of the America
Richard Hakluyt
English writer
c. 1552-1616
a lot of effort in promoting & supporting settlement of North America
Doctrine of Predestination
doctrine of Calvinism
16th century
questions the control of God
The English Reformation
series of events by which the Church of England broke away from Roman Catholic Church
16th century
phases were greatly driven by changes in government policy
John Calvin
influential French theoligian & pastor during Protestant Reformation
16th century
principle figure in the development if the system of Christian theology
Puritan Sepratists
English-speaking Protestants; Puritanism founded by Marian exiles
he 16th and 17th centuries
Elizabeth the 1
queen regnant of England & queen regnant of Ireland
16th century
her time was known as Elizabethan era; English drama flourished
Coureurs De Bois
people who engaged in fur trade
17th century
they traded fur without French permission
New Amsterdam
Dutch colonial settlement; served capital of New Netherland
17th century
it was explored and chartered by the Dutch East India Company
West India Company
chartered company of Dutch merchants
1621
it was granted a charter for a trade monopoly in the West Indies
Sir Walter Raleigh
17th century
significance: made tobacco popular; which helped the economy
Roanoke
colony that was an enterprise financed by Sir Walter Raleigh
16th century
everyone disappeared on this island, no one knows what happened
James 1
he was King of Scots
16th century
kept going the flourishing of English drama and literature
Lord De Lawar
Englishman
16th century
a bay and a river were named after him
Tobacco
popular product
mid 1990s
increasingly popular with the arrival of the Europeans; helped with the growth of the economy
Virginia Company
pair of chartered English joint stock companies
17th century
two companies= London Company & Plymouth Company
Headright System
a legal grant of land to settlers given by Virgina Company of London
17th century
it helped with the expansion of the thirteen colonies
Powhatans
It is also the name of a powerful group of tribes which they dominated.
Spoke Eastern Algonquian language known as Powhatan
Had problems with English settlers
everything was fixed after marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe
English colony in North America
existed from the 1632 until 1776 when it joined the thirteen colonies in rebellion against Great Britain
Maryland and the Calverts
existed from the 1632 until 1776 when it joined the thirteen colonies in rebellion against Great Britain
Sir George Calvert
granted the Palatinate of Maryland by King Charles I of England as recognition of Calvert’s service as a Secretary of State and member of the Privy Council, wson took over
n 1629 Charles I granted his attorney general a charter to everything between latitudes 36 and 31
a single government of the Carolinas based in Charleston until 1712, when a separate government was set up for North Carolina
Proprietary Rule
Proprietary rule was unpopular in South Carolina

law mandating religious tolerance for trinitarian Christians
Toleration Act
Plymouth Plantation
Mayflower Compact
Proprietary rule was unpopular in South Carolina
aka Act Concerning Religion
aw mandating religious tolerance for trinitarian Christians
William Bradford
Colonial Currency
ew coins were minted in the thirteen colonies that became the United States in 1776
oreign coins like the Spanish dollar were widely circulatedColonial governments sometimes issued paper money to facilitate economic activity
British Parliament passed Currency Acts in 1751, 1764, and 1773 that regulated colonial paper money
Theocratic Society
Form of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the state's supreme civil ruler
"theocracy" means a rule by God
theocracy is a form of government in which divine power governs an earthly human state, either in a personal incarnation or, more often, via religious institutional representatives (ex. church), replacing or dominating civil government.
Roger Williams
Society
orm of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the state's supreme civil ruler
"theocracy" means a rule by God
heocracy is a form of government in which divine power governs an earthly human state, either in a personal incarnation or, more often, via religious institutional representatives (ex. church), replacing or dominating civil government.
Anne Hutchinson
a pioneer settler in Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New Netherlands and the unauthorized minister of a dissident church discussion group
Hutchinson held Bible meetings
went beyond Bible study to proclaim her own theological interpretations of sermons called
A major controversy ensued and after a trial before a jury of officials and clergy, she was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Pequot War
Formed conflict in 1634-1638 between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies with Native American allies against the Pequot triberesult was the elimination of the Pequot as a viable polity in what is present-day Southern New England.
The Narragansetts
Algonquian Native American tribe from Rhode Island
The Narragansett tribe controls the Narragansett Indian Reservation, 1,800 acres (7.3 km2), or 3.357 square miles acres of trust lands in Charlestown, Rhode Island
n 1998 they requested that DOI take the property into trust, thereby removing it from state and local control
English Civil War
was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists
The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651.
Middle Colonies
Bread Colonies or the Breadbasket Colonies for the region's production of wheat, grain, and oats
area of the Thirteen British Colonies in pre-Revolutionary War Northern America
Middle Colonies became the states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York and Delaware
Charter of Liberties
aka Coronation Charter
written proclamation by Henry I of England, issued upon his accession to the throne in 1100
t sought to bind the King to certain laws regarding the treatment of church officials and nobles. It is considered a landmark document[1] in English legal history and a forerunner of Magna Carta
-The document addressed abuses of royal power by his predecessor, his brother William Rufus, as perceived by the nobility, specifically the over-taxation of the barons, the abuse of vacant sees, and the practices of simony and pluralism charter of liberties was generally ignored by monarchs until in 1213
Black Codes
Laws passed on the state and local level in the United States, but mostly in the south, to limit the basic human rights and civil liberties of African Americans.
During the 18th-19th century.
The black codes enacted immediately after the American Civil War, though varying from state to state, were all intended to secure a steady supply of cheap labor and all continued to assume the inferiority of the freed slaves.
Holy Experiment
It was an attempt by the Quakers to establish a community for themselves in Pennsylvania.
They hoped it would show to the world how well they could function on their own without any persecution or dissension.
During the French and Indian War.
California 1760's
The California coast was explored by the Spanish and English from the early 1500s to the mid-1700s.
The first such expedition was in 1769, when a mission and presidio were established at San Diego; a company led by Gaspar de Portola then marched up the coast to establish a colony at Monterey.
James Oglethorpe
He was a British general, a philanthropist, and was the founder of the colony of Georgia.
22 December 1696 – 30 June 1785.
He hoped to resettle Britain's poor, especially those in debtors' prison, in the New World.
The Navigation Acts
A series of laws which restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England (after 1707 Great Britain) and its colonies, which started in 1651.
They formed the basis for British overseas trade for nearly 200 years.
Sir Edmond Andros
Was an early colonial English governor in North America, and head of the short-lived Dominion of New England.
December 6, 1637 – February 24, 1714.
Andros remains a notorious figure in New England, especially in Connecticut.
The Glorious Revolution
Was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland and II of Ireland) in 1688.
The revolution led to the collapse of the Dominion of New England and the overthrow of Maryland's government.
William Bradford
An English leader of the settlers of the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts.
March 19, 1590 – May 9, 1657.
Credited as the first to proclaim what popular American culture now views as the first Thanksgiving.
Cambridge Agreement
A deal over whether the Massachusetts Bay Colony would be under local control, in New England, or under the control of a corporate board in London.
Made on August 29, 1629.
The Cambridge Agreement guaranteed that Massachusetts would be a self-governing colony, answerable only to the King.
Church of England (Anglian)
The officially established Christian church in England.
The faith of Anglicans is founded in the scriptures, the traditions of the apostolic church.
Was restored in 1660.
Covenant Theology
Also known as Covenantalism or Federal theology or Federalism.
Many thousands of years ago.
It is a conceptual overview and interpretive framework for understanding the overall flow of the Bible.
Halfway Covenant
The Half-Way Covenant was a form of partial church membership created by New England in 1662.
First-generation settlers were beginning to die out, while their children and grandchildren often expressed less religious piety, and more desire for material wealth.
Thomas Hooker
A prominent Puritan religious and colonial leader, who founded the Colony of Connecticut after dissenting with Puritan leaders in Massachusetts.
July 5, 1586 – July 7, 1647.
Outstanding speaker and a leader of universal Christian suffrage and had a role in creating the "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut", one of the world's first written constitutions.
Saybrook Platform
Conservative religious proposals adopted at Saybrook, Connecticut in September 1708.
The document attempted to stem the tide of disunity among the established Congregational churches and restore discipline among both the clergy and their congregations.
Cavaliers (1642-1647)
Name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I during the English Civil War (1642–1651).
Prince Rupert, commander of much of Charles I's cavalry, is often considered an archetypical Cavalier.
John Locke
Was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers.
29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704.
Locke was the first to define the self through a continuity of consciousness.
His work impacted the development of epistemology and political philosophy.
Mercantilism
An economic theory, thought to be a form of economic nationalism.
The theory dominated Western European economic policies from the 16th to the late-18th century.