Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Incas
|
They lived at a highland center, Cuzco, and had regional powers. They had a distict language and had a social structure that was inflexible.
|
|
|
Mayas
|
Mayas had a highly structured civilization that thrived in southern Mexico and central America. The Spanish conquered the Mayas and almost totally destroyed them.
|
|
|
Aztecs
|
They settled near Lake Texcoco. They were known for their medicine, calender, and agriculture.
|
|
|
Chaco Canyon
|
This was the center for the Anasazi society. It was in the desert and had long winters. Also, it had marginal rains which was difficult for agriculture.
|
|
|
Woodland Indians
|
They Had the greatest food source of any region in the United States. Most of them engaged in farming, hunting, gathering, and fishing.
|
|
|
Mobile Societies (Native Americans)
|
The Irquois included at least five distinct nations- the Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneinda, and Mohawk. Alliances were fragile since they did not consider themselves a single civilization.
|
|
|
Agriculture (Natives)
|
Tribes were becoming more sedentary and were devolping new sources, clothing, and shelter. They also experienced a significant population growth.
|
|
|
Leif Erikson
|
He was an eleventh century Norse seaman. He had demonstrated that Europeans were capable of crossing the ocean to reach the New World.
|
|
|
Prince Henry The Navigator
|
He wanted to explore the west coast of Africa and wanted to establish a Christian empire to aid his country.
|
|
|
Christopher Columbus
|
He discovered America and led the Portugees to colonize it.
|
|
|
Ferdinand Magellan
|
His expedition was the first circumnavigation of the world. He died in the Philippines because of native conflict.
|
|
|
The Conquistadores
|
They were a Spanish army that was sent to conquer the whole New World. They brought down the Aztecs.
|
|
|
Cortes
|
Cortés was a government official in Cuba for fourteen years and had little success. He led a small army of 600 men into Mexico to find treasure.
|
|
|
Fransisco Pizarro
|
Conquered Peru and revealed to Europeans the wealth of the Incas. He was the first white man to cross the Mississippi River.
|
|
|
Ordinance of Discovery
|
The Spanish had three distinct periods. 1. The age of discovery and exploration 2. The age of the conquistadores 3. The ordinance of discovery- banned most brutal military conquests.
|
|
|
Catholic Missions (Natives)
|
The colonists thought that the natives were savage people. They thought that by converting them to Christianity, the natives would be civilized. Christian missionaries tried to convert tribes but failed to do so in the end.
|
|
|
St. Augustine 1565
|
This was the first permanent European settlement in the United States. It served as a military outpost, an administrative center for Franciscan missionaries.
|
|
|
Ecomiendas
|
Licenses to exact labor and tribute from the natives in specific areas. The Spanish began demanding tribute from the local Indians.
|
|
|
Pueblo Revolt 1680
|
Pope led an uprising that killed hundreds of European settlers, captured Santa Fe, and drove the Spanish temporarily from the region. Then the Spanish took the region back twelve years later and crushed a last revolt in 1696.
|
|
|
Mestizo
|
Intermarriage became frequent, and before long the population of the colonies came to be dominated by people of mixed races.
|
|
|
John Cabot
|
In 1497, John Cabot sailed to the northeastern coast of North America on an expedition sponsored by King Henry VII.
|
|
|
Richard Hakluyt
|
He was an oxford clergyman and the outstanding English propogandist for colonization. He argued that colonies would not only create new markets for English goods, they would also help alleviate poverty and unemployment by siphoning off the surplus population.
|
|
|
Doctrine of Predestination
|
God elected some people to be saved and condemned the others to damnation; ech person's destiny was determined before birth, and no one could change it. This was proposed by a Swiss theoligian John Calvin.
|
|
|
The English Reformation
|
It began because of a political dispute between the king and the Pope. King Henry VIII was mad at the Pope for not allowing his divorce from his Spanish wife.
|
|
|
John Calvin
|
He was the most influenctial reformer and went even further than Martin Luther had in rejecting the Catholic belief . Calvin believed that people had to live a winless life to get salvation.
|
|
|
Puritan Sepratists
|
They were determined to worship as they pleased in their own independent congregations. They rejected the prevailing assumptions about the proper religious roles of women.
|
|
|
Elizabeth the I
|
A strong, confident ruler presiding over an ambitious, expansionist nation.
|
|
|
Coureurs De Bois
|
They were adventurous fur traders and trappers. Also, they penetrated far into the wilderness and developed an exstensive trade that bacame one of the underpinnings of the French colonial economy.
|
|
|
New Amsterdam
|
It was on Manhattan Island. Its population remained small and diverse. The colony was only loosely united, with chronically weak leadership.
|
|
|
West India Company
|
They established a series of permanent trading posts on the Hudson, Delaware, and Connecticut Rivers. The company actively encouraged settlement of the region. it transported whole families to the New World and granted vast feudal estates to landlords.
|
|
|
Sir Walter Raleigh
|
He was a pioneer of English colonization along with his brother Sir Humphrey Gilbert. They were both friends of Queen Elizabeth and veterans of the earlier colonial efforts in Ireland.
|
|
|
Roanoke
|
It was settled twice and Raleigh failed to create a lasting colony. The colonists from the second colony disappeared and their disappearance is still unanswered.
|
|
|
James I
|
He succeeded Queen Elizabeth to the throne. He accussed Raleigh of plotting against the king and imprisoned him for a decade.
|
|
|
Lord De Lawar
|
He imposed a harsh and rigid discipline on the colony of Jamestown. As an incentive to work, he allowed the private ownership of land and cultivation.
|
|
|
Tobacco
|
It was introduce by the natives from the New World. Cultivation of tabacco became very profitable and the Europeans were ready buyers. It put pressure for land expansion since this plant would exhaust the soil in a couple of years.
|
|
|
Virginia Company
|
They created the Jamestown colony and had a hard time sustaining the colony. It was first known as the London Company. Its economy was mainly based on tabacco.
|
|
|
Powhatans
|
Sir Thomas Dale led unrelenting assaults on the Powhatans. The Powhatans refused to let the Europeans expand their territory. Pocahontas was kidnapped and converted to Christianity after the tribe did not pay the ransom.
|
|
|
Proprietary Rule
|
George Calvert and his heirs were to hold their province as "true and absolute lords and proprietaries" and were to acknowledge the ultimate sovereignty of the king only by paying an annual fee to the crown.
|
|
|
Toleration Act
|
It was the toleration of all religions in Maryland. This assured freedom of worship for Christians.
|
|
|
Plymouth Plantation
|
Seperatists were migrating to Leyden, Holland for freedom of worship. They migrated quietly leaving a few at a time.
|
|
|
Mayflower Compact
|
Established a civil government and proclaimed their alligiance to the king.
|
|
|
William Bradford
|
He was their elected governor. He persuaded the Council for New England to give them permission to live on Plymouth Rock.
|
|
|
Colonial Currency
|
This was paper money with a seal to validate its authenticity. It was opposed at first but silver shortage led to the use of paper money. The seal was an Indian saying come over and help us, demonstrating the superiority of the white European society.
|
|
|
Theocratic Society
|
The line between the church and the state was hard to see. It began in Colonial Massachusetts.
|
|
|
Pequot War
|
a puritan victory over the natives, Connecticut men went to tax Indians, 400 men and women were killed, survivors would be sold, biblical passages were the justification of the puritans to wipe out the Pequot
|
|
|
The Narragansetts
|
Allies of the Wampanoagas in KIng Philip's War. They built an enormous fort in the Great Swamp of Rhode Island in 1675.
|
|
|
English Civil War
|
Some of the Parliament members organized an army to oppose Charles I and throw him off the throne. The war lasted seven years.
|
|
|
Middle Colonies
|
The struggle for the North American continent was a contest between the English and natives. Along the western borders of the English, there was not a clear dominance between the natives and the English. Before the many English settlers came, the French were holding mutually beneficial relations with the tribes. Once the middle grounds were destroyed, the white settlers subjugated the natives and took their land
|
|
|
Charter of Liberties
|
Established a representative assembly, cosisting of only one house, which greatly limited the authority of the proprietor.
|
|
|
Black Codes
|
African americans could not be taught to read, they had to attend mass on sunday
|
|
|
California 1760's
|
Spanish settled in california. Missions, forts, and trading communities were springing up on the pacific coast.
|
|
|
James Oglethrop
|
A member of Parliament and military hero. he wanted to erect a military barrier against spanish lands.
|
|
|
Sir Edmond Andros
|
he was appointed by Charles II to be a single governor for Boston. He tried to strengthen the Anglican Church and was unpopular.
|
|
|
The Glorious Revolution
|
James II was making enemies in both America and England because of attempting to exercise autocratic control over Parliament and the courts. After the fall of Andros, England removed the Dominion and restored separate governments.
|
|
|
Cambridge Agreement
|
An agreement made on August 29, 1629, between the shareholders of the Massachusetts Bay Company. The Agreement led directly to the foundation of Boston, Massachusetts. The Cambridge Agreement guaranteed that Massachusetts would be a self-governing colony, answerable only to the King.
|
|
|
Church of England (anglican)
|
Concerned of moral health of the community and argued against slavery, ideals laid the foundations for abolition of slavery, reform, women’s rights, and later on prohibition
|
|
|
Covenant Theology
|
a conceptual overview and interpretive framework for understanding the overall flow of the Bible. Uses the theological concept of covenant as a principle for Christian theology
|
|
|
Halfway Covenant
|
A form of partial church membership created by New England in 1662. It was promoted in particular by the Reverend Solomon Stoddard, who felt that the people of the English colonies were drifting away from their original religious purpose.
|
|
|
Thomas Hooker
|
attempted to stem the tide of disunity among the established Congregational churches and restore discipline among both the clergy and their congregations. Hooker had a role in creating the "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut", one of the world's first written constitutions
|
|
|
Saybrook Platform
|
The Massachusetts Bay experiment was a group of puritans leaving England to settle on new land for religious freedom. Many puritans and non-religious people went to escape religious persecution. They were only responsible for themselves and no other company.
|
|
|
Cavaliers (1642-1647)
|
s
|
|
|
John Locke
|
A philosopher which made the Constitution and English Bill of Rights.
|
|
|
Holy Experiment
|
an attempt by the Quakers to establish a community for themselves in Pennsylvania. They hoped it would show to the world how well they could function on their own without any persecution or dissension
|
