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28 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
dependent variable
in experimental research, the area that may change after the introduction of, or changes in, the independent variable.
developmental theory
systematic statement of priciples meant to provide a coherent framework for understanding how people change as they grow older.
discontinuous
development that occurs in distinct stages.
dynamic systems
continual change within individuals and social groups and the systematic connection of each change to other developments in individuals and society.
ecological perspective
considered emergent theories in that they use multicultural, multidisciplinary, and multimethod analysis. These perspectives argue for the inclusion and the analysis of all systems that impact the developing person.
ecological systems approach
this approach considers the relationship bewteen the individual and the environment and considers all contexts and systems that affect development
ethnicity
people who share traditions, customs, and rituals that generally include ancestral heritage and often religion, national origin, and language.
ethological perspective
the analysis of animal behavior patterns particularly as they relate to evolutionary origins and species survival.
experiment
research method designed to determine cause and effect relationships. one variable-independent variable is manipulated in order to observ e and record changes in the other variable-dependent variable.
experimental group
in research, the group or participants given a specific intervention or treatment
human development
the analysis of how people change and do not change over time
humanisitic theory
contends that people have a natural capacity to make decisions about their lives and to control their behaviors
hypothesis
a prediction stated in such a way that it can be tested.
independent variable
in experimental research, the variable that is introduced in order to see its effect on the dependent variable.
life span perspective
identifiction of attribures that both unite people as human beings and distinguish people as unique entities. it considers all human experiences from conception to death.
longitudinal research
research in which the behavior of one or more subjects in a study is measure as they age.
maturation
pre determined unfolding of genetic information.
nature
traits, ablilities, and capacities inherited from ones parents.
nurture
environmental influences that shape behavior.
operant conditioning
a form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened by its association with positive or negative consequences.
psychodynamic theory
analyzes the development of a persons inner drives and how they impact every aspect of a persons life.
race
the use of biological traits; skin color; to differentiate people.
replication
the use of the same research design on a different group; the results of which verify or refute the original studys conclusions.
scientific method
a five step research process that formulates a wuestion, develops a hypothesis, tests the hypothesis, draws conclusions, and makes the findings available.
social construction
shared perspectives of social order based on a belief or how things should be rather than reality.
social cognitive theory
analyzes how learning occurs by observing the behavior of another person, called a model.
socioeconomic status SES
a measure that reflects a combination of a persons income, educational level, occupation, and residence.
survey
a research design where a large group of people chosen to represent an even larger population are asked questions about their attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors.