Chapter 08 Inhaled Anesthetics

Front 1

Halothane neg side effect

Back 1

sensitizes the myocardium to the dysrhyrnogmic effects of catecholamines.

Front 2

Immobility is measured by

Back 2

is measured by the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of anesthetic required to suppress movement to a surgical incision in 50% of patients

Front 3

Inhaled anesthetics produce immobility in large part by

Back 3

their actions on the spinal cord, as evidenced by determination of MAC in decerebrate animals

Front 4

highly probable targets for the amnestic effects of anesthetics.

Back 4

Supraspinal structures such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and cortex

Front 5

There is a general agreement that inhaled anesthetics produce

Back 5

central nervous system depression by their actions , on ion channels, which govern the electrical behavior of the nervous system

The consensus is that inhaled ' anesthetics produce anesthesia by enhancing the function of inhibitory ion channels and by blocking the function of excitatory ion channels. Enhancing the function of f inhibitory ion channels leads to hyperpolarization of the neuron.

Front 6

MAC values for different inhaled anesthetics are______ .

Back 6

additive.

Front 7

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreases with increasing concentrations of desflurane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, halothane, and enflurane in a dose-dependent manner

why.

Back 7

With the exception of halothane, the decrease in MAP primarily reflects a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) versus a decrease in CO

Front 8

fhe transient increase in heart rate above 1 MAC seen with desflurane results from

Back 8

sympathetic nervous system stimulation a I rather than a reflex baroreceptor activity response to decreased MAP

A stepwise increase in end-tidal desflurane concentration from 4% to 8% within 1 minute may result in a doubling of the heart rate and blood pressure above baseline.

Administration of small doses of opioids, clonidine, or esmolol profoundly attenuates the heart rate and blood pressure responses to the stepwise increase in desflurane concentration.

Front 9

Sevoflurane and halothane are frequendy used for inhalation induction because of their ____________

Back 9

lack of pungency.

Front 10

___________ should be avoided in patients with known congenital long QT syndrome

Back 10

sevoflurane

Front 11

Halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane decrease CMR020 In normocapnic humans, these volatile anesthetics cause cerebral vasodilatation at concentrations above ____________ .

Back 11

0.6 MAC.

Front 12

Intracranial pressure increases with all of the volatile anesthetics at doses higher than

Back 12

1 MAC

Front 13

EVOKED POTENTIALS

volatile anesthetics

Back 13

All volatile anesthetics and nitrous oxide depress the amplitude and increase the latency of somatosensory evoked potentials in a dose-dependent manner.

Evoked potentials may be abolished at 1 MAC of volatile anes- 1 thetic alone or above 0.5 MAC administered with 50% nitrous oxide.

Front 14

______________ may be associated with epileptiform activity on the EEG: especially at higher 1 concentrations or when controlled hyperventilation is instituted.

Back 14

Sevoflurane