Chapter 05 Counciousness

Front 1

Conciousness

Back 1

the awareness of oneself and the enviroment

Front 2

Biological rhythm

Back 2

a periodic, more or less regular fluctuation in a biological system; it may or may not have psychological implications

Front 3

Endogenous

Back 3

generated from within rather than by external cues

Front 4

Circadian rhythm

Back 4

a bio rhythm with a period of about 24 hours; from the Latin circa "about" and dies "a day"

Front 5

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Back 5

an area of the brain containing a biological clock that governs circadian rhythms

Front 6

melatonin

Back 6

a hormone secreted by the pineal gland; it is involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms. Too much makes you feel sleepy and depressed.

Front 7

internal desynchonization

Back 7

a state in which biological rhythms are not in phase wit one another

Front 8

SAD

Back 8

a controversial disorder in which a person experiences depression during the winter and improvement of mood in spring

Front 9

sleep apnea

Back 9

a disorder in which breathing briefly stops during sleep, causing the person to choke and gasp, and momentarily awaken

Front 10

narcolepsy

Back 10

a sleep disorder involving sudden and unpredictable daytime attacks of sleepiness or actual sleep

Front 11

REM

Back 11

rapid eye movement sleep; sleep periods characteized by eye movement, loss of muscle tone and dreaming

Front 12

The functioning of the biological clock governing circadian rhythms is affected by the hormone?

Back 12

melatonin

Front 13

Jet lag occurs because of

Back 13

internal desynchronazion

Front 14

For most women, the days before menstruation are reliably associated with

Back 14

none of these- depression, irratability, elation, creativity

Front 15

A researcher tells male participants in a study that testosterone usually peaks in the morning and that i probably causes hostility. She then asks them to fill out a "Hypertestosterone sysndrome hostility survey" in the morning and again in the PM. Based on menstrual-cycle findings, what results migh she get? How could she improve the study?

Back 15

Because of the expectations that the men now have aobut testosterone, they may be biased to report more hostility in the morning. it would be better to keep them in the dark about the hypothesis and to measure their actual hormone levls atdiffernet pints in the day, because individuals vary in their bio rythms.

Front 16

Brain-wave patterns during sleep

Back 16

Awake - small rapid
Stage 1- small irregular
Stage 2- sleep spindles
Stage 3- delta waves appear
Stage 4- mostly delta
REM - rapid, somewhat irregular

Front 17

REM periods

Back 17

active brain but inactive muscles

Front 18

Alpha

Back 18

relaxed but awake

Front 19

Stage 4 sleep

Back 19

delta waves and talking in one's sleep

Front 20

Stage 1 sleep

Back 20

active brain but inactive muscles

Front 21

Sleep in necessary for

Back 21

mental functioning but not physical functioning

Front 22

Most people can get fine with six hours of sleep at night

Back 22

false

Front 23

lucid dream

Back 23

a dream in which the dreamer is aware of dreaming

Front 24

Dream theories (4)

Back 24

1 dreams as uncouncious wishes

2 dreams as reflections of current concerns

3 Dreams as by-product of mental housekeeping

4 dreams of interpreted brain activity

Front 25

activation-synthesis theory

Back 25

the theory that dreaming results from the cortical synthesis and intepretation of neural signals triggered by activity in the lower part of the brain

1. spontaneous firing of neurons in the pons
2. cerebral cortex synthesizes signals, tries to interpret them (I'm running in through the woods)

Front 26

in his dream Andy is an infant crawling through a dark tunnel looking for something he has lost. Which type of theory if:

Andy recently misplaced a valuable watch but eventually found it?

Back 26

the mental-housekeeping (info processing approach) The dreamer is processing info about a recent experience

Front 27

in his dream Andy is an infant crawling through a dark tunnel looking for something he has lost. Which type of theory if:

while Andy was sleeping, neurons in his pons that would ordinarily stimulate parts of the brain involved leg-muscle movement were active?

Back 27

the activation-synthesis theory

Front 28

in his dream Andy is an infant crawling through a dark tunnel looking for something he has lost. Which type of theory if:

Andy has repressed an early sexual attraction to his mother; the tunnel symbolizes her vagina

Back 28

psychoanalytic theory

Front 29

in his dream Andy is an infant crawling through a dark tunnel looking for something he has lost. Which type of theory if:

Andy has broken up with his lover and is working through emotional loss

Back 29

the problem-focus approach

Front 30

Hypnosis

Back 30

a procedure in which the pactitioner suggests changes int he senstions, perceptions, thoughts, feelings, or behavior of the subject

Front 31

dissociation

Back 31

a split in sonsciousness in which one part of the mind operates independently of others

1. hypnotist induces hypnotic state
2. split between hidden observer or executive control system and rest of mind
3. Person responds to suggestions (I'm 4 yrs old)

Front 32

sociocognitive approach

Back 32

holds the effects of hypnosis result from an interaction between the social influence of the hypnotists (the socio part) and the abilities, beliefs, and expectations of the subject (the cognitive part)

1. social influence of hypnotist (you're gong back in time)
2. plus person's own cognitions (I believe in age regression)
3. = person conforms to suggestions (I'm 4 yrs old)

Front 33

T or F

A hypnotized person is usually aware of what is going on and remembers the experience later

Back 33

True

Front 34

T or F

Hypnosis gives us special powers that we do not ordinarily have

Back 34

False

Front 35

Hypnosis reduces errors in memory

Back 35

false

Front 36

hypnotized people play no acive part in their behavior and thoughts

Back 36

false

Front 37

according to hilgard, hypnosis is a sate of cosciousness involving a "hidden observer"

Back 37

true

Front 38

sociocognitive theorists view hypnosis as mere faking a conscious playacting

Back 38

false

Front 39

psychoactive drug

Back 39

a drug capable of influencing perception, mood, cognition, or behavior

Front 40

stimulants

Back 40

drugs that speed up activity in the central nervous system

e.g. cocaine, nicotine, amphetamines, caffeine

Front 41

depressants

Back 41

drugs that slow down activity in the central nervous system

e.g. alcohol, tranquilizers

Front 42

opiates

Back 42

drugs, deived from the opium poppy, that relieve pain and commonly produce euphoria

e.g. opium, heroin, morphine

Front 43

psychedelic drugs

Back 43

conciousness-altering drugs that produce hallucinations, change thought processes, or disrupt the normal perception of the time and space

e.g. LSD, psilocybin, mescaline

Front 44

tolerance

Back 44

increased resistance to a drug's effects accompanying continued use

Front 45

withdrawal symptoms

Back 45

physical and psychological symptoms that occur when someone addicted to a drug stops takingn it

Front 46

an illegal stimulant

Back 46

cocaine, also amphetamines

Front 47

two drugs that interfere with the formation of new long-term memories

Back 47

marijuana, alchol

Front 48

three types of depressant drugs

Back 48

tranquilzers, alcohol, barbiturates

Front 49

a legal recreational druge that acts as a depressant on the central nervous system

Back 49

alchohol

Front 50

four factors that influence a person's psychological reactions to a drug

Back 50

1. physical condition
2. prior experience with the drug
3. mental set
4. enviromental setting