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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How did the "great change" of the 11th Century divide Europe in two? |
*Mediterr. North and South --North +Individual ID and Social community = Personal basis ^Relationships --South +Individual ID and Social community = Civic basis ^Citizens part of municipality ^Social position = Accomplishments --North started "feudalism" +Had polit. dominance +Powerful st. = Sophisticated gov. +Kings and queens ruled |
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[The Rise of Feudal Society] |
[The Rise of Feudal Society] |
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Why did feudalism never exist in the medieval world? |
*Feudalism as coherent, conscious, cogent plan for society NOT exist
*Feudal Relations did exist --Relat. = Mutual obligation / Service +Pub. arena --Social org. +Hierarchical notion ^Ex: Chief and warrior ^Ex: Vassal chief oblig. to lords = Milit. service = Limited ^Goes back to classic/Germ. traditions ^Ppl. attach to more powerful ppl. = Protection = Loyalty = Privileges/rewards(land) ^Both powerf. and weak ppl. want protection ^Louis the Pious sons wanted ppl. get protect.(847) ^Barons solve issues w/out violence ^Warriors could gain assist. and recogn. --Fief, homage, fealty, investiture started +Fief = Quant. of land ^Assigned to vassal by lord for service ^Could be other things (gov. posit.) ^Included subinfeudation(vassal give land to others who be their vassal) ^Legal meaning not clear until 12th cent. *Feudal Relations did exist --Loose alliances betw. equals or near-equals +NOT w/ hierarchy +NOT w/ legal arrangm. --Vassal oblig. to lords +Attending lord's court ^Judicial/polit. matters ^ Lord asked for vassal advice +Paying "reliefs" ^Special payment = Pub. Ceremonies/spec. Project --Vassal-Lord relat. could get complicated +Vassal could have multi. lords ^Could have many fiefs ^Could have choose side if lords war each other --Chivalry +Relat. betw. knights ^Code of honor +Diff. meaning @ diff. times +Knight not take unfair adv. over other knights +Shown in tournament betw. knights +Had soc. exclusion ^True nobles sep. from merchants +Church cultivated this too ^Manner/purpose of knighthood ^Peace of God Movement: Protecting others from baronial attck ^Truce of God: NO fight on certain liturgical seasons |
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How was Europe's military caste Christianized? |
*Thru church cultivating chivalry --Creating image of ideal "Christian Knight" (12th Cent.) --Helped promote peace/stability |
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[The First German Empire] |
[The First German Empire] |
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[THE ANGLO-NORMAN REALM] |
[THE ANGLO-NORMAN REALM] |
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Who was in charge of the Anglo-Norman realm? |
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What were England and Denmark fighting for? |
*Control of England --Alfred the Great controlled it at first +9th Cent. --Danes controlled it next +9th-11th Cent. +Had ferocity and fearless +Swein (Danish king) wanted ALL England ^1013 ^Came to England and died +Swein's son Canute took over ^Took England (1015) ^Emperor of Northern Seas ^1st Scandinavian ruler receive inv. to papal court ^Was Christian, but NOT committed |
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How was the Danish throne in England handled after Canute's death? |
*Death = 1035 *Canute had sons --Edward the Confessor --??? --Fought over throne --Edward more capable +Better w/ Norman traditions than English +Most accepted him as heir of Alfred the Great +Died in 1066 *Two compete after Edward's death --Harold Godwinson +Earl of Wessex --Duke William of Normandy +Bastard of Edward's cuz +Claimed be Edward's choice successor --Duke William won throne *Duke William rule --Tried beat Anglo-Saxons into submission +Used fear +Was NOT reasonable --Stopped small rebel in N. England --Had lots of Engl. land to himself +1/5 to 1/4 of real estate --Had strongholds everywhere --Held all fiefs from throne --Started "tenants-in-chief" +Ppl. gave greatest serv. to throne *Duke William massive land repercussions for Anglo-Norman England --Not much sub-infeudation + # of enfeoffed nobles = manageable --Tenants-in-chief outsource manage of their territor. +Opportunities for adv. for locals ^Stewards, sheriffs +Chief tenants could manage whole kingdom ^Contributed to dev. of Engl. Parliam. |
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How did the Normans treat the Church in England? |
*Good to it --Support of church/monastery --1/5 of Engl. land to relig. houses +Strengthened monarchy ^King wanted church as vassal too *Would take away lands from church --If fail of ecclesiastical appt. --Pope Gregory VII try go against +Tries say England was fief from church to William ^William makes "Triple Concordat" (No papl authority exercised w/out king ) |
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What did centralization of power under the monarchy cause? |
*Bad relat. betw. new rulers and Anglo-Saxons *English polit. custom was on independence --Local --Before 1066 --Normans changed traditions +Norman French replaces Anglo-Saxon language +Old English writing died out +Other French art come forward ^Architect. ^Music +Relig. ^Liturgy/Calendar of saints goes down *Norman centralism = Efficient --William orders compilation of inventory +Known as "Domesday Book" +ALL land/property of England +1086 +Shows that 3/4+ ppl. = Serfs |
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What happened to Duke William's domain after his reign? |
*Was already split up betw. sons before --Robert +Got duchy of Normandy --William II +Also called William Rufus +Became King of England --Henry +Youngest +Got $$ and estates *Son's ambitions --Robert wanted be a knight --William and Henry wanted power --Robert gave his duchy to William +For crusade particip. +Ppl not like William ^Showed strain of putting new soc./polit. system in --Henry took crown +No one excited +Was cruel +Some thought he was reason for William's death during hunting +Was successful ^Put hated tax collector in prison ^Put exiled bishop back ^Started "Exchequer"(Fiscal accounting of royal treasury) ^Intro. "justices in eyre"(itinerant judges) ^Was good at admin. |
