Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
give 3 examples of extrusive rocks
|
obsidian, pumice, basalt
|
|
which extrusive rock is sometimes called volcanic glass
|
obsidian
|
|
define sedimentary rocks
|
layered rocks that form under the ocean
|
|
give 3 examples of metamorphic rocks
|
gneiss, marble, slate
|
|
define igneous rocks
|
all rocks formed from the cooling and hardening of magma "came from fire"
|
|
where do batholiths form
|
at the stony base of Earth's great mountains
|
|
give 3 examples of clastic rocks
|
conglomerates, sandstone, slate
|
|
define the rock cycle
|
the continous changing of rocks from ne kind to another over long periods of time
|
|
define magma
|
hot, molten rock deep inside the earth
|
|
what type of extrusive rock can float on water because of volcanic gas that is trapped inside
|
pumice
|
|
which type of rock is rich in fossils and usually formed in water
|
sedimentary
|
|
how are organic rocks formed
|
from remains of living things
|
|
define metamorphic rocks
|
rocks that have been changed due to tremendous heat, great pressure and chemical reaction
|
|
explain the steps a rock goes through to become a sedimentary rock
|
1. weathering and erosion breaks up rock & moves it
2. sediments are formed 3. pressure cements the sediment together in water |
|
how are igneous rocks formed
|
from the cooling and hardening of magma
|
|
what 3 conditions cause rocks to change continuously?
|
1. weathering and erosion
2. high temperatures and pressures 3. melting |
|
tell what type of rock are the following examples...igneous, metamorphic or sedimentary
GRANITE SANDSTONE ROCK SALT SHALE |
Granite - I
Sandstone - S Rock Salt - S Shale - S |
|
Quartz
Coal Obsidian Marble Slate |
Quartz - m
coal - s obsidian - i marble - m slate - m |
|
conglomerate
gypsum gabbro pumice basalt |
conglom - s
gypsum - s gabbro - i pumic - i basalt - i |
|
What are petrified fossils
|
fossils in which MINERALS replace all or part an organism
|
|
What is a hollow area in sediment in the shape of an organism
|
mold
|
|
what is a copy of the shape of an organism
|
cast
|
|
what is an extremely thin coating of carbon on a rock
|
carbon film
|
|
what are trace fossils
|
eveidence of the ACTIVITIES of ancient organisms
|
|
the process by which all the different kinds of living things have changed over long periods of time is called
|
EVOLUTION
|
|
the type of rock that is made of hardened sediment is called
|
sedimentary rock durrr
|
|
a type of organism is ______ if it no longer exists and will never again live on Earth
|
extinct
|
|
what is the name of a scientiest who studies fossils
|
paleontolist
|
|
the preserved remains or traces of living things are called
|
fossils
|
|
a well tested concept that explains a wide range of observations is called
|
scientific theory
|
|
rocks that are compacted and cemented together to form a solid rock
|
sedimentary
|
|
rocks formed from magma
|
igneous
|
|
a geometrical structure formed by atoms
|
crystal
|
|
animals or plants preserved or imprinted in sedimentary rock
|
fossils
|
|
what you find when you scratch a mineral over an unglazed tile
|
color
|
|
rocks that have changed due to heat and pressure
|
metamorphic
|
|
what makes up all matter
|
atoms
|
|
rocks and minerals are considered to be among our greatest natural ____
|
resources
|
|
the process that forms sedimentary rock
|
lithification
|
|
formed by crystals and is inorganic
|
minerals
|
|
formed by two or more minerals
|
rock
|
|
not living
|
inorganic
|
|
what all igneous rocks come from
|
magma
|
|
what two forces help erode our earth
|
wind & water
|
|
what is another name for igneous rock
|
fire rocks
|
|
what is underground melted rock called
|
magma
|
|
igneous rock forms by magma that is trapped and cools ______ underground
|
slowly
|
|
igneous rock froms by igneous rocks that are formed when _______ erupt
|
volcanos
|
|
what forms when lava cools quickly - it can float on water
|
pumice
|
|
igneous rock formed beneath earth's surface when magma cools slowly is
|
granite
|
|
metamorphic rock was once either igneous or
|
sedimentary
|
|
what two things causes rock to change
|
pressure and heat
|
|
what metamorphic rock was first granite
|
gneiss
|
|
what two processes can change igenous and metamorphic rocks into sediments
|
erosion & deposition
|
|
what must happen to sediments before they become sedimentary rocks?
|
burial and cementing
|
|
solidifiaction means to harden and become solid. which rock type must experience the process of solidification
|
igneous
|
|
what two processes must a rock undergo before it can become an igneous rock
|
solidification and melting
|
|
what types of rock can be changed to a sedimentary rock
|
igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary
|
|
what types of rock can be change to a metamorphic rock
|
igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
|
|
the preserved remains or traces of living things are called
|
fossils
|
|
t or f
most fossils form when living things die and are buried by sediments |
true
|
|
t or f
fossils are usually found in igneous rocks |
false
|
|
the type of rock that is made of hardened sediment is
|
sedimentary rock
|
|
t or f
fossils can form when the remains of an organism decay |
false
|
|
fossils in which minerals replace all or part of an organism are called
|
petrified fossils
|
|
t or f
petrified fossils can form when the minerals in water make a copy of the organism |
true
|
|
t or f
a carbon film forms when minerals preserve the delicate parts of an organism |
false
|
|
wich ones are trace fossils:
FOOTPRINTS ANIMAL TRAILS ANIMAL SHELLS BURROWS |
FOOTPRINTS
ANIMAL TRAILS BURROWS |
|
what can a paleontologist infer by looking at fossil footprints?
|
he can infer if the animal walked on two or four legs and if it lived alone or with others of its kind
|
|
what is relative age
|
the age of a rock compared to the ages of other rocks
|
|
what is absolute age
|
the number of years since the rock formed
|
|
3 types of sedimentary rocks
|
sandstone, gypsum, shale
|
|
3 types of metamorphic rock
|
marble, slate, quartz
|
|
3 types of igneous rock
|
pumic, granite, basalt
|
|
what are smaller groups of sedimentary rock
|
clastic, chemical, organic
|
|
what are 2 smaller groups of igneous rock
|
intrusive & extrusive
|
|
what are clastic rocks
|
sedimentary rocks made up of rock fragments mixed with sand, clay and mud
|
|
what are chemical rocks
|
sedimentary rocks formed from large amounts of minerals when a body of water dries up
|
|
what are organic rocks
|
sedimentary rocks built up from the remains of living things
|
|
what are intrusive rocks
|
igneous rocks that form from melted rock or magma tht cools and hardens deep BELOW earth's surface
|
|
what are extrusive rocks
|
igneous rocks formed from melted rocks or magma that cools and hardens AT OR NEAR earth's surface
|