• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/43

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

43 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Excitable Cells
they can change their electrical potential and they use this as a signal to produce some change in cellular activity
Intracellular fluid
fluid in cells, cytosol, plus fluid in cell organelles, including nucleus
Extracellular fluid
fluid outside the, interstitial fluid and plasma
Ion
atom or molecule containing unequal # electrons and protons therefore carrying a net + or - charge
channel
small pasage in plasma membrane formed by proteins and certain molecules and ions can diffuse
Equilibrium potential
the membrane potential of a specific ion that exists were the forces are equal and opposite (chemical & electrical gradient)
Chemical gradient
chemical force=concentration gradient
current
movement of electrical charge in biological systems it is achieved by ion movement
electrical resistance
the hindrance to electrical charge movement
membrane potential
voltage difference between inside and outside of the cell
**Each cell can only have one membrane potential**
Are solutions neutral?
Yes, solutions are neutral and for every cation there is an anion that balances it
What two conditions must exist for a membrane potential to develop?
concentration gradient
ion permeability
Can we predict the membrane potential when an ion is at equilibrium?
yes
Formula for Nernst Equation
hydrophobic
non water loving (non soluble in water)
hydrophilic
water loving (soluble in water)
polar
charged
non polar
neutral... balanced charges
lipophobic
non lipid loving (non lipid soluble)
amphipathic
molecule having polar at one end and non polar on the other end
lipiophilic
lipid loving (lipid soluble)
Is hydrophobic polar or non-polar?
non-polar ***scared of water... non***
Is hydrophilic polar or non-polar?
polar ***polar bears love water**
Polar region is head or tail of phospholipid?
"head" ***polar bears have heads**
Is the non-polar region of a phospholipid the "head" or "tail" region?
tail **not to mess w/ polar bears tails**
Describe an integral protein
amphiphathic, embedded in bilayer and sometimes broken up **integral into**
Describe a peripheral protein
non amphipathic, not embedded in phospholipid bilayer (floating right below)
non-gated channel
always open
chemically (ligand) gated channel
needs chemical messenger to help it through
mechanically gated channel
plasma membrane needs to stretch or deform to open
depolarization
membrane potential becomes less negative and moves closer to 0
repolarization
after membrane potential polarizes it returns to resting level
hyperpolarization
when the membrane potential is more negative than the resting level
overshoot
reverse of mp polarity, inside is positive in relationship to the outside
What direction does the membrane potential drift?
in the direction of that ion's equilibriumn potential
Another name for leak channels
non-gated channels
Voltage gated channels
need membrane potential to reach a certain level to open
How many mV when a the voltage gated channel is open & closed?
Open & Closed
Open = -55 mV (anything larger than about -55 would be open)
Closed = -70 mV (Resting potential)
When the membrane potential changes (usually positive) what happens?
the channel changes shape and opens
What happens after the membrane repolarizes?
it closes
threshold
the point at which an effect begins to be produced (where it starts to open)
all-or-none
either the action potentials occure maximally or not at all
refractory period
period following the response especially if a muscle or nerve before it recovers capacity to make a second respose