Chap7

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Acculturation

Back 1

The cultural modification or change resulting from one cultuer group or individual adopting traits of a more advanced or dominant society; cultural development through "borrowing."

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adaptation

Back 2

A presumed modification of heritable traits through response to environmental stimuli.

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amalgamation theory

Back 3

in human georgraphy, the concept that multiehnic societies become a merger of the culture traits of their member groups.

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assimilation

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the social process of mergining into a composite culture, losing separate ethnic or social identity and becoming culturally homgenized.

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creole

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A language developed from a pidgin to become the native tongue of a society.

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cultural ecology

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The study of the interactions between societies and the natural environments they occupy.

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cultural intergration

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the interconnectedness of all aspect of a culture; no part can be altered without impact upon other culture.

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cultural landscape

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thenatural landscape as modified by human activities and bearing the imporint of a culture group or society; the built environment.

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culture

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A society's collective beliefs, symbols, values, forms of behaior, and social organizations, together with its tools, structures, and artifacts; transmitted as a heritage to succeeding genrations and undergoing adoptions, modifications, and changes in the porcess.

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culture complex

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An intergrated assemblage of culture traits descriptive of one aspect of a society's behavior or activity.

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culture hearth

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a nuclear area within which an advanced and distinctive set of culture traits develops and forom which there is diffusion of distinctive technologies and ways of life.

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culture realm

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A collective of culture regions sharing related culture systems; a major world area having sufficient distinctiveness to be perceived as set apart from other realms in its cultural characteristics and complexes.

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culture region

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A formal or functional within which common cultural characteristics prevail. It may be based on single cultrue traits, on culture complexes, or on political,social, or economic intergration.

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culture system

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A generalization suggesting shared, identifying traits uniting two or more culture complexes.

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cultue trait

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A single distinguishing feature of regular occurrence within a culture, suchj as the use of chopsticks or the observance of particular caste system; a single element oflearned behavior.

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dialect

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A regional or socioeconomie variation of a more widely spoken language

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environmental determinism

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The view that the physical environment, particularly climate, molds human behavior and conditions cultureal development.

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ethnicity

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The social status afforded to, usually, a minority group within a national population. Recognition is based primarily upon culture traits such as religion, distinctive customs, or native or ancestral national origin.

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ethnic religion

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A religion identified with a particular ethnic group and largely excluive to it.

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folk culture

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The body of institutions, customs, dress, artifacts, collective wisdoms, and traditions of a homogeneous isolated, largely self0 sufficiet, and relatively static social grop.

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gender

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the socially created, not biologically based, distinctions between feminity and masculinity.

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gene flow

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The passage of genes characteristic of one breeding population into the gene pool of another by interbreeding.

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genetic drift

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A chance modification of gene composition occurring in an isolated population and becoming accentuated through in breeding.

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ideological subsystem

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the complex of ideas, beliefs, knowledge, and means of their communication that characterize a culture.

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innovation

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introduction into an area of new ideas, practices, or objects; an alternation of custom or culture that originates within the social group itself.

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language family

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A group of languages thought to have descended from a single, common ancestral tongue.

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lingua franca

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Any of the various auxiliary languages used as common tongues among people of an area where several languages are spoken.

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matrial culture

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the tangible, physical items produced and used by members of a specific culture group and reflective of their traditions, lifesytles, and technologies.

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natural selection

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the process of survival and reproductive success of individuals or groups best adjusted to their environment, leading to the perpetuation of those genetic qualities most suite to that environment.

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nonmaterial culture

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the oral traditions, songs, and stories of a culture group along with its beliefs and customary behaviors.