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69 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Aryans invaded
Indus R valley & Ganges plain
Aryan Tribes
loosly organized
nomadic
Aryan chief
Rajah
Aryans liked
war, gambiling, chariot races, singing & dancing
Aryans & cattle
basis of diet & economy
many words for
measure wealth
raided eachother's herds
Aryan men
dominated
husband had complete authority
Aryan
some say in choosing husband
took part in religious ceremonies & social affairs
allowed to remarry if widowed
Aryan language
Sanskrit, no written - oral traditions written down later
how we know about Aryans
vedas
Rig-Veda
oldest, one of worlds oldest religios texts still in use
classes
Varnas
warriers
Kshatriyas
priests
Brahmans
merchants
Vaisyas
unskilled laborers & servants
Sudras
rise of priests
& warriers can hear & recite vedas
rituals -> more secret & complex
repalced warriers @ top
alone knew hao to make sacrifices & say hymns
Brahmans
rituals
studies vedas
only one that could teach vedas
kshatriyas
took charge of army & gov.
could study vedas
Vaisyas
tended cattle
lent money
traded
cared for land
Sudra
surved other varnas
worked in fields
smaller divisions in classes
jati
class determined
occupation, diet, marriage, customs, neiborhood
"caste system"
name given to varnas by europeans
"unclean"
pariahs
pariahs
outside varnas
did "unclean" jobs
untouchables
lived outside vilages - shunned
duty
dharma
dharma
duty - outlined by vedas
Mahabrata
Epic - sec. Bhagavad Gita -"Song of the Lord"
warriers figt b/c duty
several authors
historical & legendary
Indian men
student - occupation of class
got married
responsible for family
retierd
withdrew to prey
Indian women
learned houshold tasks
married
surved husband & family
husband died/retiered
retiered & taken care of ba son & daughter-in-law
Ramayana
Rama & Sita
good vs. evil
deamon Ravana
good wins
Aryan religion
many deiities
power over nature
Agni - fire
Indra - thunder & war
Usha - dawn
sacrifices
Hinduism (gen.)
no 1 person/holy book
roots - Veads & epics
complex
main Hindu Gods
Brahma - Creator
Vishnu - Preserver
Siva - Destroyer
philosophers search for duty
Upanishads
Universal spirit
all livind things have souls
souls - part of eternal spirit
Brahman
karma
how you live your life -> form you take in nex life
must live good life & do dharma
non-violence to all living things
ahimsa
oneness w/ brahman
moksha
achieve moksha by
prayer
religios rituals
self-denial
no materialism
founder of Janism
mahvira
Mahavira
teacher - gave up wealth, traveled - founded Janism
Janism
rejected Hindu sacrifices & social devisions
sacredness of life
refused to farm
wealth & influence through commerce
buddha
Siddhartha Guatama
"enlightened one" - by folowere
Siddhartha Guatama
Kshatria - luxery, sheltered, left, searche for enlightenment
Buddha left home
1 - old man
2 - sick man
3 - body going to crematory
4 - holy man - @ peace
4 noble truths
all people suffer through sorrow
suffer b/c desiers
end suffering by eliminating desiers
eliminate desiers by following Eightfold Path
Eightfold Path
know truth
resist evil
say nothing to hurt others
respect life
free minds from evil
work for the good of others
meditate
Nirvana
freedom fromrebirth - state of being
buddha rejected
varnas
Hindu deities
Stupas
large, stone burial mounds
Theravada Buddhism
oroginal teachings
Buddha - teacher
S & SE asia
mahayana Buddhism
worship of Buddha sa divine being & savior
China, Korea, Japan
Chandragupta Maurya
postal system
spy network
feared assasination
gave upthrone & convertd to janism
Asoka
Chandragupta maurya's grandson
coquest
looked @ battlefield
peaceful man
buddhism
Rock Edicts
Asoka's laws
stone pillars
stresed concern for other people
Asoka's public projects
free hospitals & vet clinics
roads w/ rest houses & trees
Collapse of Mauryan empire
after Asoka's death
succesors - heavy taxes
split into small warring kingdoms
Chandragupta I
built empire - smaller than mauryan
golden age
Gupta religion
Hinduism
form of Vishnu
Avatar
gupta women
status declined
respected but little independence
child marriages - parents chose
Gupta wrighting
religion
folktales
Gupta Drama
Kalidasa - playwright
Shakuntala - love paly
Gupta Math
algebra
explained infinity
invented zero
1-9 "arabic numerals"
Gupta astronomy
use math
earth is round
gravity
Gupta medicine
set bones
operations
100s of instraments
gupta traded
gems, spices, cotton, teak, ebony
for
horses, silk, gold
Golden age ends
chandragupta II'd death
invasions
small, warring states