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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Aryans invaded
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Indus R valley & Ganges plain
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Aryan Tribes
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loosly organized
nomadic |
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Aryan chief
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Rajah
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Aryans liked
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war, gambiling, chariot races, singing & dancing
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Aryans & cattle
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basis of diet & economy
many words for measure wealth raided eachother's herds |
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Aryan men
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dominated
husband had complete authority |
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Aryan
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some say in choosing husband
took part in religious ceremonies & social affairs allowed to remarry if widowed |
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Aryan language
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Sanskrit, no written - oral traditions written down later
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how we know about Aryans
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vedas
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Rig-Veda
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oldest, one of worlds oldest religios texts still in use
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classes
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Varnas
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warriers
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Kshatriyas
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priests
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Brahmans
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merchants
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Vaisyas
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unskilled laborers & servants
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Sudras
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rise of priests
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& warriers can hear & recite vedas
rituals -> more secret & complex repalced warriers @ top alone knew hao to make sacrifices & say hymns |
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Brahmans
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rituals
studies vedas only one that could teach vedas |
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kshatriyas
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took charge of army & gov.
could study vedas |
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Vaisyas
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tended cattle
lent money traded cared for land |
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Sudra
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surved other varnas
worked in fields |
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smaller divisions in classes
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jati
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class determined
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occupation, diet, marriage, customs, neiborhood
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"caste system"
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name given to varnas by europeans
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"unclean"
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pariahs
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pariahs
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outside varnas
did "unclean" jobs untouchables lived outside vilages - shunned |
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duty
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dharma
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dharma
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duty - outlined by vedas
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Mahabrata
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Epic - sec. Bhagavad Gita -"Song of the Lord"
warriers figt b/c duty several authors historical & legendary |
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Indian men
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student - occupation of class
got married responsible for family retierd withdrew to prey |
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Indian women
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learned houshold tasks
married surved husband & family husband died/retiered retiered & taken care of ba son & daughter-in-law |
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Ramayana
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Rama & Sita
good vs. evil deamon Ravana good wins |
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Aryan religion
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many deiities
power over nature Agni - fire Indra - thunder & war Usha - dawn sacrifices |
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Hinduism (gen.)
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no 1 person/holy book
roots - Veads & epics complex |
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main Hindu Gods
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Brahma - Creator
Vishnu - Preserver Siva - Destroyer |
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philosophers search for duty
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Upanishads
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Universal spirit
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all livind things have souls
souls - part of eternal spirit Brahman |
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karma
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how you live your life -> form you take in nex life
must live good life & do dharma |
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non-violence to all living things
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ahimsa
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oneness w/ brahman
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moksha
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achieve moksha by
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prayer
religios rituals self-denial no materialism |
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founder of Janism
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mahvira
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Mahavira
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teacher - gave up wealth, traveled - founded Janism
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Janism
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rejected Hindu sacrifices & social devisions
sacredness of life refused to farm wealth & influence through commerce |
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buddha
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Siddhartha Guatama
"enlightened one" - by folowere |
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Siddhartha Guatama
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Kshatria - luxery, sheltered, left, searche for enlightenment
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Buddha left home
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1 - old man
2 - sick man 3 - body going to crematory 4 - holy man - @ peace |
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4 noble truths
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all people suffer through sorrow
suffer b/c desiers end suffering by eliminating desiers eliminate desiers by following Eightfold Path |
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Eightfold Path
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know truth
resist evil say nothing to hurt others respect life free minds from evil work for the good of others meditate |
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Nirvana
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freedom fromrebirth - state of being
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buddha rejected
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varnas
Hindu deities |
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Stupas
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large, stone burial mounds
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Theravada Buddhism
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oroginal teachings
Buddha - teacher S & SE asia |
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mahayana Buddhism
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worship of Buddha sa divine being & savior
China, Korea, Japan |
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Chandragupta Maurya
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postal system
spy network feared assasination gave upthrone & convertd to janism |
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Asoka
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Chandragupta maurya's grandson
coquest looked @ battlefield peaceful man buddhism |
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Rock Edicts
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Asoka's laws
stone pillars stresed concern for other people |
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Asoka's public projects
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free hospitals & vet clinics
roads w/ rest houses & trees |
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Collapse of Mauryan empire
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after Asoka's death
succesors - heavy taxes split into small warring kingdoms |
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Chandragupta I
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built empire - smaller than mauryan
golden age |
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Gupta religion
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Hinduism
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form of Vishnu
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Avatar
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gupta women
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status declined
respected but little independence child marriages - parents chose |
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Gupta wrighting
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religion
folktales |
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Gupta Drama
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Kalidasa - playwright
Shakuntala - love paly |
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Gupta Math
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algebra
explained infinity invented zero 1-9 "arabic numerals" |
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Gupta astronomy
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use math
earth is round gravity |
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Gupta medicine
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set bones
operations 100s of instraments |
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gupta traded
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gems, spices, cotton, teak, ebony
for horses, silk, gold |
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Golden age ends
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chandragupta II'd death
invasions small, warring states |