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27 Cards in this Set
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Treaty of Ghent
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December 24, 1814 -
The English Govt decided to end the war without addressing any of the problems that had started it. BOTH sides were weary, and the senate ratified the treaty unanimously. For the Americans we FELT we had won our "second war of independence." |
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Hartford Convention
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DECEMBER 1814
DEMISE of the Federalists. When the war seemed to be going badly for the U.S, a group of federalists met in Harford to recommend changes to the constitution that would have lessened the power of the SOUTH and the WEST. Unfortunately, they met on the Eve of victory of the New Orleans and they're portrayed disloyal and irrelevant. NEVER RECOVERED. |
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HENRY cLAY
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., Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a WAR HAWK for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as "The Great Compromiser." Outlined the Compromise of 1850 with five main points. Died before it was passed however.
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Marbury vs. Madison
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An 1803 court case in which the Supreme Court ruled that it had the power to decide whether a law passed by Congress was constitutional and reject laws it considered unconstitutional
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lEWIS aND CLARK
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(1804-1806
Sent on an expedition by Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land and map a route to the Pacific. They kept very careful maps and records of this new land acquired from the Louisiana Purchase. ) |
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hENRY cLAY
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, Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a WAR HAWK for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as "The Great Compromiser." Outlined the Compromise of 1850 with five main points. Died before it was passed however.
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John Marshall
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John Marshall
1755-1835.Chief Justice of the Supreme Court appointed by John Adams. United States jurist, created the precedent of judicial review; ruled on many early decisions that gave the federal government more power, especially the supreme court |
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jUDICIAL rEVIEW
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jO state courts determine whether or not state executive acts or state statutes are valid. They base such rulings on the principle that a state law that violates the U.S. constitution is invalid. They also decide the constitutionality of state laws under state constitutions. If, however, state constitutions contradict the U.S. Constitution, or any other national statute, the state constitution must yield. The highest state court to decide such issues is the state supreme court. jOHN mARSHALL
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missori Compromise of 1803
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The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was a congressional agreement that regulated the extension of Slavery in the United States for the next 30 years. Under the agreement the territory of Missouri was admitted as a slave state, the territory of Maine was admitted as a free state, and the boundaries of slavery were limited to the same latitude as the southern boundary of Missouri: 36° 30′ north latitude.
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Lewis and Clark
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The Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was the first American expedition to cross what is now the western portion of the United States, departing in May, 1804 from St. Louis on the Mississippi River, making their way westward through the continental divide to the Pacific coast.
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Impressment
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he act or policy of seizing people or property for public service or use.mpressment, colloquially, "the Press" or the "Press gang", refers to the act of taking men into a navy by force and with or without notice. It was used by the Royal Navy, beginning in 1664 and during the 18th and early 19th centuries, in wartime, as a means of crewing warships, although legal sanction for the practice goes back to the time of Edward I of England.
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Embor Act of 1807
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The Embargo Act of 1807 banned the export of American goods. It was meant to stop harassment by England and France, but ended up costing the United States too much money, and was repealed in 1809. It was one of the lead-ins to the war of 1812.
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Cause of war of 1812
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The impressment of seamen from American ships caused serious tensions between Britain and the United States in the years leading up to the War of 1812. After the defeat of Napoleon in 1814, Britain ended the practice and never resumed it.
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Techcumseshi
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ecumseh (/tɛˈkʌmsə/; March 1768 – October 5, 1813) was a Native American leader of the Shawnee and a large tribal confederacy (known as Tecumseh's Confederacy) which opposed the United States during Tecumseh's War and the War of 1812. Tecumseh has become an iconic folk hero in American, Aboriginal and Canadian history.[1]
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Treaty Of Ghent
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he Treaty of Ghent (8 Stat. 218), signed on December 24, 1814 in the Flemish city of Ghent, was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and Great Britain. The treaty restored relations between the two nations to status quo ante bellum - that is, it restored the borders of the two countries to the line before the commencement of hostilities.[1] The Treaty was ratified by Parliament on December 30, 1814 and signed into law by the Prince Regent (the future King George IV). Because of the era's lack of telecommunications, it took weeks for news of the peace treaty to reach the United States. An American army under Andrew Jackson scored a major victory at the Battle of New Orleans on January 8, 1815 . However, the Treaty of Ghent was not in effect until it was ratified by the U.S
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Battle of New Orleans
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The Battle of New Orleans was the last major battle of the War of 1812. The fight took place on January 8, 1815 when 7,500 British soldiers marched against 4,500 U.S. troops led by General Andrew Jackson. Jackson defeated the British just 30 minutes, halting their plans to attack New Orleans and establishing himself as a national military hero. The Treaty of Ghent, which ended the war, had been signed two weeks before the battle but the news had not yet crossed the Atlantic.
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Andrew Jackson
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he Battle of New Orleans took place on January 8, 1815 and was the final major battle of the War of 1812.[5][6] American forces, commanded by Major General Andrew Jackson, defeated an invading British Army, under General Edward Pakenham, intent on seizing New Orleans and the vast territory the United States had acquired with the Louisiana Purchase.[7][8][9] The Treaty of Ghent, having been signed on December 24, 1814, was ratified by the Prince Regent on December 30, 1814, and the United States Senate on February 16, 1815. Hostilities continued until late February when official dispatches announcing the peace reached the combatants in Louisiana, finally putting an end to the war.[10][11] The Battle of New
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HArtford Convention
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he Hartford Convention was an series of meetings from December 15, 1814–January 5, 1815 in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which New England Federalists met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power. Despite radical outcries among Federalists for New England secession and a separate peace with Great Britain, moderates outnumbered them and extreme proposals were not a major focus of the debate.[1]
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second bank of the US
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he Second Bank of the United States, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was the second federally authorized Hamiltonian National Bank[3] in the United States during its 20-year charter from February 1817[4] to January 1836.[5]
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Tariff of 1816
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he Tariff of 1816 (also known as the Dallas tariff) is notable as the first tariff passed by Congress with an explicit function of protecting U.S. manufactured items from foreign competition. Prior to the War of 1812, tariffs had primarily served to raise revenues to operate the national government.[1] Another unique aspect of the tariff was the strong support it received from Southern states.[2]
The bill was conceived as part of a solution to the purely domestic matter of avoiding a projected federal deficit reported by Secretary of the Treasury Alexander J. Dallas.[3] International developments added key facets to the debate; in 1816 there was widespread concern among Americans that war with Great Britain might be rekindled over economic and territorial issues. A tariff on manufactured goods, including war industry products, was deemed essential in the interests of national defense.[4][5] The tariff was approved on April 27, 1816, as a temporary measure, authorized for only three years (until June 1819). Northern efforts to establish permanent protection in 1820, after tensions with Great Britain had eased, provoked a backlash among Southern legislators. The South consistently opposed protective tariffs during the remainder of the ante bellum period. [6] |
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Cumberland Road
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Cumberland Road, also called National Road, first federal highway in the United States and for several years the main route to what was then the Northwest Territory. Built (1811–37) from Cumberland, Md. (western terminus of a state road from Baltimore and of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal), to Vandalia, Ill., it forms part of the present U.S. Route 40. In April 1802 Congress appropriated land-sale funds to finance an overland link between the Atlantic Coast and the new state of Ohio. A macadam pavement was completed to Wheeling, Va. (now West Virginia), on the Ohio River, by 1818. From 1833 the various sections of the road became the financial responsibility of the states in which they were situated. Under this arrangement, the use of the Cumberland Road, intended to be free, was subject to state-impose
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American System
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American System (economic plan), for the program of Henry Clay and the Whig Party.
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Henry Clay
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he American System, originally called "The American Way", was an economic plan that played a prominent role in American policy during the first half of the 19th century. Rooted in the "American School" ideas of Alexander Hamilton, the plan "consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce; and federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other 'internal improvements' to develop profitable markets for agriculture."[1] Congressman Henry Clay was the plan's foremost proponent and the first to refer to it as the “American System”.
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Era of Good Feeling
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President Monroe
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Oregon Country
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The Oregon Trail is a 2,000-mile (3,200 km) historic east-west large wheeled wagon route and emigrant trail that connected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon. The eastern part of the Oregon Trail spanned part of the future state of Kansas and nearly all of what are now the states of Nebraska and Wyoming. The western half of the trail spanned most of the future states of Idaho and Oregon.
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Jackson and Florida
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Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was the seventh President of ... A polarizing figure who dominated the Second Party System in the 1820s and .... Jackson was also charged with preventing Spanish Florida from becoming a ...
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Missouri Compromise 1820
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n the years leading up to the Missouri Compromise of 1820, tensions began to rise between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions within the U.S. Congress and across the country. They reached a boiling point after Missouri’s 1819 request for admission to the Union as a slave state, which threatened to upset the delicate balance between slave states and free states. To keep the peace, Congress orchestrated a two-part compromise, granting Missouri’s request but also admitting Maine as a free state. It also passed an amendment that drew an imaginary line across the former Louisiana Territory, establishing a boundary between free and slave regions that remained the law of the land until it was negated by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854.
More to Explore People and Groups Henry Clay James Monroe John Brown Harriet Tubman Frederick Douglass Stephen A. Douglas Abraham Lincoln Themes Louisiana Purchase Abolitionist Movement Confederate States of America Civil War Culture Bleeding Kansas Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln-Douglas Debates Events 1860 Election Dred Scott Case Kansas-Nebraska Act Fugitive Slave Acts Compromise of 1850 Wilmot Proviso Crittenden Compromise Related Topics American Civil War Slavery in America Missouri Maine Recommended Articles Slavery in America Slavery in America Slavery and its legacy have shaped American history, from the Civil War to Reconstruction in the 1860s and 1870s to the struggle over civil rights a century later. American Civil War American Civil War The American Civil War, fueled by the debate over slavery and states' rights, pitted North against South in the costliest conflict fought on U.S. soil. James Monroe James Monroe James Monroe served as America's fifth president from 1817 to 1825. Cotton Gin and Eli Whitney Cotton Gin and Eli Whitney In 1794, American inventor Eli Whitney patented the cotton gin, a machine that revolutionized the production of cotton. Did You Know? For his work on the Missouri Compromise, Senator Henry Clay became known as the “Great Pacificator." The Missouri Compromise was an effort by Congress to defuse the sectional and political rivalries triggered by the request of Missouri late in 1819 for admission as a state in which slavery would be permitted. At the time, the United States contained twenty-two states, evenly divided between slave and free. Admission of Missouri as a slave state would upset that balance; it would also set a precedent for congressional acquiescence in the expansion of slavery. Earlier in 1819, when Missouri was being organized as a territory, Representative James Tallmadge of New York had proposed an amendment that would ultimately have ended slavery there; this effort was defeated, as was a similar effort by Representative John Taylor of New York regarding Arkansas Territory. The extraordinarily bitter debate over Missouri's application for admission ran from December 1819 to March 1820. Northerners, led by Senator Rufus King of New York, argued that Congress had the power to prohibit slavery in a new state. Southerners like Senator William Pinkney of Maryland held that new states had the same freedom of action as the original thirteen and were thus free to choose slavery if they wished. After the Senate and the House passed different bills and deadlock threatened, a compromise bill was worked out with the following provisions: (1) Missouri was admitted as a slave state and Maine (formerly part of Massachusetts) as free, and (2) except for Missouri, slavery was to be excluded from the Louisiana Purchase lands north of latitude 36°30′. The Missouri Compromise was criticized by many southerners because it established the principle that Congress could make laws regarding slavery; northerners, on the other hand, condemned it for acquiescing in the expansion of slavery (though only south of the compromise line). Nevertheless, the act helped hold the Union together for more than thirty years. It was repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which established popular sovereignty (local choice) regarding slavery in Kansas and Nebraska, though both were north of the compromise line. Three years later, the Supreme Court in the Dred Scott case declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, on the ground that Congress was prohibited by the Fifth Amendment from depriving individuals of private property without due process of law. The Reader's Companion to American History. Eric Foner and John A. Garraty, Editors. Copyright © 1991 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved. 0 Fact Check We strive for accuracy and fairness. But if you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! 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