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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Selective permeability |
Allows some substances to cross it more easily than others |
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Amphipathic |
Contains hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions |
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Integral protein |
Penetrate the hydrophobic core |
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Peripheral protein |
Bound to the surface of the membrane |
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Glycolipid |
A lipid with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates |
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Glycoprotein |
A protein with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates |
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Transport protein |
Allow passage of hydrophilic substances across the membrane |
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Aquaporin |
Facilitate the passage of water |
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Diffusion |
The tendency for molecules to spread out evenly into the available space |
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Concentration gradient |
The region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases |
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Passive transport |
The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane. No energy is expended by cell to make it happen |
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Active transport |
Movement of a substance across a cell membrane against its concentration. Uses energy to do this. |
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Osmosis |
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
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Tonicity |
Ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water |
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Isotonic |
Solute concentration is the same as that inside the cell. No net water movement across the plasma membrane |
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Hypertonic |
Solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell. Cell loses water |
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Hypotonic |
Solute concentration is less than that inside the cell. Cell gains water |
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Osmoregulatiom |
The control of solute concentrations and water balance is a necessary adaptation for life in such environments |
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Turgid |
Cell swells until wall opposes uptake (firm) |
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Flaccid |
Cell is limp. |
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Facilitated diffusion |
Transport proteins speed the passive movement of molecules across the plasma membrane |
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Ion channels |
Facilitate the diffusion of ions |
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Membrane potential |
The voltage difference across the membrane |
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Cotransport |
Occurs when active transport of a solute indirectly drives transport of other substances |
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Exocytosis |
Transport vesicles migrate to the membrane, fuse with it, and release their contents outside the cell |
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Endocytosis |
The cell takes in macromolecules by forming vesicles from the plasma membrane |
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Ligand |
Any molecule that binds specifically to a receptor site if another molecule |
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Phagocytosis |
A cell engulfs a particle in a vacuole. The vacuole fuses with a lysosome to digest the particle |
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Pinocytosis |
Molecules dissolved in droplets are taken up when extracellular fluid is "gulped" into tiny vesicles |
