• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/44

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

44 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
growth media can can in two forms

name them
broth

solid
what are the four media classifications
enrichment
supportive
selective
differential
what does enrichment media contain, and what is it used for
contains specific nutrients required for growth of particular bacteria

used to enhance the growth of particular bacteria through nutrien specifity
what does supportive media contain and what is it used for
contains nutrients that support growth of most nonfastidious organisms without giving any a growth advantage

allows many organisms to grow
what is selective media used for
used for growth of a select bacteria by inhibition of all organisms except those that are wanted to grow
Differential media ?
allows colonies of one bacterial speces to exibit certain culture characteristics that can be used to distinguish them from other bacteria growing
Brain heart infusion (BHI)
used to grow various bacteria

supportive
Chocolate agar
same as blood agar but with lysed RBCs

supportive
enrichment
Columbia CNA with blood
contains 3 peptone sources and 5% sheeps blood

CNA refers to antibiotics, colistin and nalidixic acid

selective
Gram negative (GN) broth
used to grow GI pathogens from stool and rectal swabs

contains bile salts

selective
Hekton enteric (HE) agar
contains bile salts and dyes to slow the growth of most nonpathogenic gram negative bacilli found in GI tract

Salmonella

selective and differential
MacConkey agar
contains crystal violet dye to inhibit the growth of gram positive

grows gram negative bacilli

selective and differential
Phenylethl alchohol (PEA) agar
sheeps blood agar that is supplimented with phenylethyl alcohol to inhibit the growth of gram negative

grows gram possitive cocci

selective
Sheep blood agar
supports all but fastidious bacteria

differential and supportive
beta hemolysis
complete clearing of red cells around colony
alpha hemolysis
partial lysis of cells to produce greenish color around colony
gamma hemolysis
no hemolysis
Thayer martin agar (MTM)
isolation of neisseria gonorroeae and neisseria meningitis

enrichment and selective

selective through use of antibiotics
martin lewis agar
similar to thayer martin but contains mycin instead of nystatin and has a higher concentration of of vancomycin

enrichment and selective
thioglycollate broth
contains casein, yeast, and beef extracts, and vitimins to enhance growth of bacteria

anaerobic enviroment

gram negative= appear diffuse
gram positive cocci= appears as balls
Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate (XLD) agar
selective and differential

shigella spp. and salmonella spp.
facultatively anaerobic
aerobic bacteria that can grow in presence or absence of oxygen
microaerophilic
requires low level of oxygen
Capnophilic
bacteria that can grow better with higher carbon dioxide concentrations (5-10%)
gram stain divides bacteria into what two groups
positive or negative
Bright field microscopy
microscopy where visible light passes through the specimen directly into the objective
Gram stain

what and what order
crystal violet = primary stain
Iodine = mordant- binds the crystal violet dye to the bacterial cell wall
decolorizer = distinguishes gram pos (retains violet dye) from gram neg (dye is cleard away)
saffranin = stains the clear gram neg bacteria
what is the difference between gram pos and gram neg
gram pos = thick cell walls with peptidoglycan

gram neg = thinner layer of peptidoglycan
Acid fast stain
for bacteria that have long chain fatty (mycolic) acids in cell walls

mycobacterium tuberculosis

Ziehl-neelson method
acid fast bacteria =

non-acid fast bacteria =
red

blue/green
Phase contrast microscopy
beams of light pass through the specimen and are partially deflected by different thicknesses of the microbes or cells in the specimen

used to ID fungi
Fluorescent microscopy
Dyes (fluorochromes) can be raised to a high energy level after absorbing UV light

after which they release excess energy in the form of visible florescent light
what are the two categories of fluorescent microscopy
fluorochroming = fluorescent dyes are used alone

immunofluorescence = dyes have been linked to specific antibodies
what is fluorochroming
direct chemical interaction between fluorescent dye and bacteria
acridine orange binds to
nucleic acid
Auramine-rhodamine binds to
mycolic acids of mycobacteria

bright yellow or orange
Calcofluor white binds to
cell wall of fungi

used to detect fungi
what is immunofluoresecence used for
to directly detect bacteria that are difficult or slow to grow

legionella
bordatella pertussis
chlamydia trachomatis
dark field microscopy
condensor does not allow light to pass directly through the specimen but at an angle refracting light upwords through the objective

limited used for bacteria
used for spirochetes
electron microscope

and what are the two types
uses electrons instaed of light to visualize small objects

transmission= visualizes internal structures
scanning= scans surface and provides 3d image
Aerobes
grow in ambient air, which contains 21% oxygen and a smal amount of CO2 (.03%)
Anaerobes
ussually cannot grow in the presense of o2 (5-10% hydgrogen, 5-10% CO2, 80-90% nitrogen and 0% o2
Capnophiles
require increased concentrations of CO2 (5-10%) and about 15% O2
microaerophiles
grow under reduced O2 (5-10%) and increased CO2 (8-10%)