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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
growth media can can in two forms
name them |
broth
solid |
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what are the four media classifications
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enrichment
supportive selective differential |
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what does enrichment media contain, and what is it used for
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contains specific nutrients required for growth of particular bacteria
used to enhance the growth of particular bacteria through nutrien specifity |
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what does supportive media contain and what is it used for
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contains nutrients that support growth of most nonfastidious organisms without giving any a growth advantage
allows many organisms to grow |
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what is selective media used for
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used for growth of a select bacteria by inhibition of all organisms except those that are wanted to grow
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Differential media ?
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allows colonies of one bacterial speces to exibit certain culture characteristics that can be used to distinguish them from other bacteria growing
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Brain heart infusion (BHI)
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used to grow various bacteria
supportive |
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Chocolate agar
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same as blood agar but with lysed RBCs
supportive enrichment |
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Columbia CNA with blood
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contains 3 peptone sources and 5% sheeps blood
CNA refers to antibiotics, colistin and nalidixic acid selective |
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Gram negative (GN) broth
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used to grow GI pathogens from stool and rectal swabs
contains bile salts selective |
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Hekton enteric (HE) agar
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contains bile salts and dyes to slow the growth of most nonpathogenic gram negative bacilli found in GI tract
Salmonella selective and differential |
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MacConkey agar
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contains crystal violet dye to inhibit the growth of gram positive
grows gram negative bacilli selective and differential |
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Phenylethl alchohol (PEA) agar
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sheeps blood agar that is supplimented with phenylethyl alcohol to inhibit the growth of gram negative
grows gram possitive cocci selective |
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Sheep blood agar
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supports all but fastidious bacteria
differential and supportive |
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beta hemolysis
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complete clearing of red cells around colony
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alpha hemolysis
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partial lysis of cells to produce greenish color around colony
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gamma hemolysis
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no hemolysis
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Thayer martin agar (MTM)
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isolation of neisseria gonorroeae and neisseria meningitis
enrichment and selective selective through use of antibiotics |
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martin lewis agar
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similar to thayer martin but contains mycin instead of nystatin and has a higher concentration of of vancomycin
enrichment and selective |
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thioglycollate broth
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contains casein, yeast, and beef extracts, and vitimins to enhance growth of bacteria
anaerobic enviroment gram negative= appear diffuse gram positive cocci= appears as balls |
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Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate (XLD) agar
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selective and differential
shigella spp. and salmonella spp. |
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facultatively anaerobic
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aerobic bacteria that can grow in presence or absence of oxygen
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microaerophilic
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requires low level of oxygen
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Capnophilic
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bacteria that can grow better with higher carbon dioxide concentrations (5-10%)
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gram stain divides bacteria into what two groups
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positive or negative
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Bright field microscopy
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microscopy where visible light passes through the specimen directly into the objective
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Gram stain
what and what order |
crystal violet = primary stain
Iodine = mordant- binds the crystal violet dye to the bacterial cell wall decolorizer = distinguishes gram pos (retains violet dye) from gram neg (dye is cleard away) saffranin = stains the clear gram neg bacteria |
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what is the difference between gram pos and gram neg
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gram pos = thick cell walls with peptidoglycan
gram neg = thinner layer of peptidoglycan |
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Acid fast stain
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for bacteria that have long chain fatty (mycolic) acids in cell walls
mycobacterium tuberculosis Ziehl-neelson method |
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acid fast bacteria =
non-acid fast bacteria = |
red
blue/green |
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Phase contrast microscopy
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beams of light pass through the specimen and are partially deflected by different thicknesses of the microbes or cells in the specimen
used to ID fungi |
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Fluorescent microscopy
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Dyes (fluorochromes) can be raised to a high energy level after absorbing UV light
after which they release excess energy in the form of visible florescent light |
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what are the two categories of fluorescent microscopy
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fluorochroming = fluorescent dyes are used alone
immunofluorescence = dyes have been linked to specific antibodies |
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what is fluorochroming
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direct chemical interaction between fluorescent dye and bacteria
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acridine orange binds to
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nucleic acid
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Auramine-rhodamine binds to
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mycolic acids of mycobacteria
bright yellow or orange |
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Calcofluor white binds to
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cell wall of fungi
used to detect fungi |
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what is immunofluoresecence used for
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to directly detect bacteria that are difficult or slow to grow
legionella bordatella pertussis chlamydia trachomatis |
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dark field microscopy
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condensor does not allow light to pass directly through the specimen but at an angle refracting light upwords through the objective
limited used for bacteria used for spirochetes |
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electron microscope
and what are the two types |
uses electrons instaed of light to visualize small objects
transmission= visualizes internal structures scanning= scans surface and provides 3d image |
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Aerobes
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grow in ambient air, which contains 21% oxygen and a smal amount of CO2 (.03%)
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Anaerobes
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ussually cannot grow in the presense of o2 (5-10% hydgrogen, 5-10% CO2, 80-90% nitrogen and 0% o2
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Capnophiles
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require increased concentrations of CO2 (5-10%) and about 15% O2
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microaerophiles
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grow under reduced O2 (5-10%) and increased CO2 (8-10%)
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