Chap 5 Methods Of Studying The Nervous System

Front 1

sensory evoked potential

Back 1

a change in the electrical activity of the brain that is elicited by the momentary presentation of a sensory stimulus.

Front 2

self-stimulation paradigm

Back 2

a paradigm in which animals press a lever to administer reinforcing electrical stimulation to their own brains

Front 3

paired-image subtraction technique

Back 3

the use of PET or MRI to locate constituent cognitive processes in the brain by producing an image of the difference in brain activity associated with two cognitive tasks that differ in terms of a single constituent cognitive process.

Front 4

skin conductance response (SCR)

Back 4

The transient change in skin conductance associated with a brief experience.

Front 5

electrooculography

Back 5

a technique for recording eye movements thru electrodes placed around the eye.

Front 6

cryogenic blockade

Back 6

the temporary elimination of neural activity in an area of the brain by cooling the area with a cryoprobe.

Front 7

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Back 7

a widely used test of general intelligence that includes 11 subtests.

Front 8

Bregma

Back 8

the point on the surgace of the skull where two of the major sutures intersect, commonly used as a reference poin5t in stereotaxic surgery on rodents.

Front 9

In situ hybridization

Back 9

A technique for locating particular proteins in the brain; molecules that bind to the mRNA that directs the synthesis of the target protein are synthesized and labeled, and brain slices are exposed to them.

Front 10

Dichotic listening test

Back 10

a test of language lateralization in which two different sequences of three spoken digits are presented simultaneously, one to each ear, and the subject is asked to report all of the digits heard.

Front 11

gene knockout techniques

Back 11

procedures for creating organism that lack a particular gene.

Front 12

elevated plus maze

Back 12

an apparatus for recording defensiveness or anxiety in rats by assessing their tendency to avoid the two open arms of a plus-sign shaped maze mounted some distance above the door of a lab.

Front 13

immunocytochemistry

Back 13

a procedure for locating particular proteins in the brain by labeling their antibodies with a dye or radioactive element and then exposing slices of brain tissue to the labeled antibodies.

Front 14

cerebral dialysis

Back 14

a method for recording changes in brain chemistry in behaving animals in which a fine tube with a short semipermeable section is implanted in the brain, and extracellular neurochemicals are continuously drawn off for analysis

Front 15

neurotoxins

Back 15

neural poisons

Front 16

gene replacement techniques

Back 16

procedures for replacing organisms in which a particular gene has been replaced with another.

Front 17

electroencephalography

Back 17

a technique for recording the gross electrical activity of the brain thru a disk-shaped electrodes, which in humans are usually taped to the surface of the scalp.

Front 18

temporal resolution

Back 18

ability of a recording technique to detect differences in time (ex. to pinpoint when an event occurred).

Front 19

spatial resolution

Back 19

ability of a recording technique to detect differences in spatial location (ex. to pinpoint a location in the brain).

Front 20

stereotaxic atlas

Back 20

a series of maps representing the three-dimensional structure of the brain that is used to determine coordinates for stereotaxic surgery.

Front 21

hypertension

Back 21

chronically high blood pressure

Front 22

2-Deoxyglucose (2-DG)

Back 22

a substance similiar to glucose that is taken up by active neurons in the brain and accumulates in them because, unlike glucose, it cannot be metabolized.

Front 23

computed tomography (CT)

Back 23

a computer-assisted X-ray procedure that can be used to visualize the brain and other internal structures of the living ody.

Front 24

Pavlovian conditioning paradigm

Back 24

a paradigm in which the experimenter pairs an initially neutral stimulus (conditional stimulus) with a stimulus (unconditional stimulus) that elicits a reflexive response (unconditional response)

Front 25

cerebral angiography

Back 25

a contrast x-ray techniques for visualizing the cerebral circulatory system by infusing a radio-translucent dye into a cerebral artery.

Front 26

concussion

Back 26

disturbance of consciousness following a blow to the head with no cerebral bleeding or obvious structural damage.

Front 27

species-common behaviors

Back 27

behaviors that are displayed in the same manner by virtually all like members of a species.

Front 28

autoradiography

Back 28

the technique of photographically developing brain slices that have been exposed to a radioactively labeled substance such as 2-DG so that regions of high uptake are visible.

Front 29

plethysmography

Back 29

any technique for measuring changes in the volume of blood in a part of the body.

Front 30

alpha waves

Back 30

regular, 8- to -12 per-second, high amplitude EEG waves that typically occur during relaxed wakefulness and just before falling asleep.