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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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energy
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capacity to perform work
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kinetic energy
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energy of motion
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conservation of energy
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not possible to destroy or create energy
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potential energy
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energy that an object has because of its location or structure
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entropy
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measure of the amount of disorder, or randomness in a system (everytyime energy is converted from one form to another entropy increases)
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chemical energy
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molecules of food, gasoline and other fuels have a special form of potential energy, arises from the arrangement of atoms.
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calorie
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amount of energy that can raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1*C
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ATP
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consists of an organic molecuelue adenosine plus a tail of three pohsphate groups
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metabolism
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total of all the chemical reaction in an organism
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enzymes
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proteins that speed up chemical reactions
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activation energy
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activates the reactants and triggers the chemical reaction
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substrate
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enzyme's ability to recognize a certain reactan molecule
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active site
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a region of enzyme called this has a shape and chemistry that fit the stubstrate
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induced fit
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when a stubstrate slips into this docing station the active site changes shape slightly to embrace the substrate and catalyze the reaction
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enzyme inhibitors
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substrate imposter that plug up the active site
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feedback regulation
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keeps the cell from wasting resources that could be put to better use
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trasport proteins
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membrane proteins that help move substances across a cell membrane
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diffusion
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movment of molecules of any substanse sot hat they spread out inot the available space
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passive transport
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cell does not expend any energy for this to happen
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concentration gradient
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region in which the substance's density changes
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facilitated diffusion
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specific trasnport proteins that act as selective corridors
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hypotonic
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solution with the lower solute concentration
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osmosis
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diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
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hypertonic
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solution with highter concentation of solute
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isotonic
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slutions of equal solute concentration
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osmoregulation
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control of water balance either uptake or loss of water
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plasmolysis
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a plant cell loses water it shrivels and its plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall
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active transport
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requires that a cell expend energy to move mc across a membrane
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exocytosis
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proteins exit the cell from transport vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane
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endocytosis
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takes material into the cell within vesicles that bud inward from the plasma membrane
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phagocytosis
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cellular eating
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pinocytosis
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cellular drinking
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receptor mediated endocytosis
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specific, triggered byt he binding of certain external mc to specifif receptor proteins built into the plasma membrane
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signal transduction pathway
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relaw the signal and convert it to chemical forms that can function within the cell
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