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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Prokaryotic

•Lacksa nucleus and does not have an extensive system of internal membranes


•Allbacteria and archaea have this cell type

Eukaryotic

•Hasa nucleus and has internal membrane-bounded compartments


•Allorganisms other than bacteria or archaea have this cell type.

phospholipids are

The fat molecules comprising the lipidlayers



A phospholipid has
polar head - contains a phosphate chemical group andis water-soluble

two non-polartails- comprised of fatty acids and is water-insoluble

When does a lipid bilayer form

formsspontaneously whenever a collection of phospholipids is placed in water.

membraneproteins
transmembrane proteins- form channels that span the membrane

cell surface proteins- integrated into structure of the membrane
The cell builds proteins on structurescalled

ribosomes

The portion of the ER dedicated toprotein synthesis is called the

Rough ER

The portion of the ER that aids in themanufacture of carbohydrates and lipids is called the

Smooth ER

After synthesis in the ER, the newly-mademolecules are passed to the

Golgi Bodies

The Golgi bodies of a cell arecollectively called the

Golgi Complex

The Golgi complex also gives rise to lysosomes. What do they do?

These membrane-bounded structures containenzymes that the cell uses to break down macromolecules.

_____ are membrane-bounded storage compartments

Vacuoles

Chloroplasts are the sites of

photosynthesis

The theory of endosymbiosis
§Statesthat some organelles evolved from a symbiosis in which one cell of aprokaryotic species was engulfed by and lived inside of a cell of anotherspecies of prokaryote that was a precursor to eukaryotes.
cytoskeleton is comprised of an internalframework of protein fibers that
Anchorsorganelles to fixed locations
Supportsthe shape of the cell
Helpsorganize ribosomes and enzymes needed for synthesis activities
Three different types of protein fiberscomprise the cytoskeleton
Microfilaments (actin filaments)
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
complex structures that assemblemicrotubules in animal cells and the cells of most protists

Centrioles

The net movement of molecules from anarea of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is termed

Diffusion

Selectivechannels that permit water to cross.

Aquaporins

Water moves down its concentrationgradient into or out of a cell through a process

Solutes help move the water

Osmosis

The concentration of all moleculesdissolved in a solution is called the
osmotic concentration of thesolution.
If the osmotic concentrations of twosolutions are equal, the solutions are each called

Isotonic

If two solutions have unequal osmoticconcentration, the solution with thehigher solute concentration is said to be

hypertonic

the solution with the lower soluteconcentration is said to be

hypotonic

Movement of water by osmosis into a cellcauses pressure called

Osmotic pressure

the engulfing of substances outside of the cell in order to form avesicle that is brought inside the cell
Endocytosis
Two forms of endocytosis
•Phagocytosisisendocytosis of particulate (solid) matter.

•Pinocytosisisendocytosis of liquid matter.


the discharge of substances from vesiclesat the inner surface of the cell
Exocytosis
Most of the active transport in cells iscarried out by the

Sodium-Potassium Pump which uses energy, in the form of ATP, to pumpthree Na+ outofthe cell and to pump two K+ into thecell