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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Prokaryotic
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•Lacksa nucleus and does not have an extensive system of internal membranes •Allbacteria and archaea have this cell type |
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Eukaryotic |
•Hasa nucleus and has internal membrane-bounded compartments •Allorganisms other than bacteria or archaea have this cell type. |
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phospholipids are
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The fat molecules comprising the lipidlayers |
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A phospholipid has
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polar head - contains a phosphate chemical group andis water-soluble
two non-polartails- comprised of fatty acids and is water-insoluble |
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When does a lipid bilayer form |
formsspontaneously whenever a collection of phospholipids is placed in water. |
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membraneproteins
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transmembrane proteins- form channels that span the membrane
cell surface proteins- integrated into structure of the membrane |
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The cell builds proteins on structurescalled
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ribosomes |
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The portion of the ER dedicated toprotein synthesis is called the
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Rough ER |
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The portion of the ER that aids in themanufacture of carbohydrates and lipids is called the |
Smooth ER |
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After synthesis in the ER, the newly-mademolecules are passed to the |
Golgi Bodies |
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The Golgi bodies of a cell arecollectively called the |
Golgi Complex |
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The Golgi complex also gives rise to lysosomes. What do they do? |
These membrane-bounded structures containenzymes that the cell uses to break down macromolecules. |
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_____ are membrane-bounded storage compartments |
Vacuoles
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Chloroplasts are the sites of |
photosynthesis |
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The theory of endosymbiosis
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§Statesthat some organelles evolved from a symbiosis in which one cell of aprokaryotic species was engulfed by and lived inside of a cell of anotherspecies of prokaryote that was a precursor to eukaryotes.
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cytoskeleton is comprised of an internalframework of protein fibers that
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Anchorsorganelles to fixed locations
Supportsthe shape of the cell Helpsorganize ribosomes and enzymes needed for synthesis activities |
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Three different types of protein fiberscomprise the cytoskeleton
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Microfilaments (actin filaments)
Microtubules Intermediate filaments |
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complex structures that assemblemicrotubules in animal cells and the cells of most protists
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Centrioles |
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The net movement of molecules from anarea of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is termed
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Diffusion |
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Selectivechannels that permit water to cross.
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Aquaporins |
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Water moves down its concentrationgradient into or out of a cell through a process
Solutes help move the water |
Osmosis |
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The concentration of all moleculesdissolved in a solution is called the
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osmotic concentration of thesolution.
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If the osmotic concentrations of twosolutions are equal, the solutions are each called
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Isotonic |
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If two solutions have unequal osmoticconcentration, the solution with thehigher solute concentration is said to be
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hypertonic |
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the solution with the lower soluteconcentration is said to be
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hypotonic |
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Movement of water by osmosis into a cellcauses pressure called |
Osmotic pressure |
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the engulfing of substances outside of the cell in order to form avesicle that is brought inside the cell
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Endocytosis
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Two forms of endocytosis
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•Phagocytosisisendocytosis of particulate (solid) matter.
•Pinocytosisisendocytosis of liquid matter. |
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the discharge of substances from vesiclesat the inner surface of the cell
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Exocytosis
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Most of the active transport in cells iscarried out by the
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Sodium-Potassium Pump which uses energy, in the form of ATP, to pumpthree Na+ outofthe cell and to pump two K+ into thecell |