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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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carbohydrates
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differ in shape
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carbohydrate formulas
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twice as many hydrogen as oxygen
formulas for some sugars are the same all contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
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carbohydrates
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"carbon water"
carbs serve structural and energy-storage roles in organisms sugars are either used as energy or are built up into polysaccharides |
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carbohydrates and polysaccharides
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different polysaccharides serve either energy-storage or structural roles while sugars are involved either in energy storage or are combined to produce polysaccharides as well as other biomolocules
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monosaccharide
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a sugar that contains only a simple carbohydrate
ex: glucoss |
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disaccharide
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sugars that consist of 2 monosaccharides linked together
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what is better to move sugars around between cells within organisms? dissaccharides or monosaccharides?
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dissaccarides
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sucrose: define
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is a disaccharide that represents how plants move sugar
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Lactose: define
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is a disaccharide that represses how mammals deliver sugar to their babies
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polysaccharide
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serve as either sugar-storage molecules (starches) or play structural roles
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Lipids
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fats, oils, waxes, steroids
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lipids as fats
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glycerol and 3 fatty acids
each fatty acid has a carbonyl group (COOH) 3 waters form from each molecule a fat that is a liquid at room temperature is called an oil |
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lipids
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contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
lipids serve both as structural and energy-storage roles a fat that has 1 fatty acid removed and replaced with a phosphorous-containing compound is called a phospholipid phospholipids are key components of cell membranes |
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Proteins
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are complex organic molecules that serve to define the complexity of life
they have a structural role |
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what are the building blocks of proteins?
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amino acids
they contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen formulas: chain corboxyal group of one end, and amino acid on the other. (COOH) (NH4) a sequence of amino acids makes them different |
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Nucleic acids
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DNA
base, deoxyribose, phosphoric acid deoxyribose is a carbohydrate, mono. bases-cytosine, guanine, adenine shape: double helix |
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RNA
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base, ribose, phosphoic acid
ribose is a carb and mono. and differs from deoxyribos because it has one or more oxygen bases: cytosine, guanine, adenine, uracil shape: single helix .. more than one kind |
