Chap 22

Front 1

Modern Age of Biology began:

Back 1

on November 24, 1859, the day Charles Darwin published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection

Front 2

natural selection

Back 2

is that a population can change over generations if individuals that possess certain heritable traits leave more offspring than other individuals. (Guiding forces in Evolution, Is a creative force)

Front 3

evolutionary adaptation

Back 3

an accumulation of inherited characteristics that enhance organisms′ ability to survive and reproduce in specific environments

Front 4

Evolution

Back 4

The process of which the form and overall genetic structures of organisms change over time.

Front 5

Common opinion of 19th century

Back 5

Species were immutable products of sudden creation

Front 6

taxonomy

Back 6

the branch of biology concerned with naming and classifying organisms (Carolus Linnaeus)He developed the two–part, or binomial, system of naming organisms according to genus and species that is still used today

Front 7

Creationism

Back 7

the orgin of matter and of distinct species of animals and plants are due to acts of creation by God.

Front 8

Paleontology

Back 8

the study of fossils, was largely developed by French scientist Georges Cuvier (1769–1832)

Front 9

catastrophism

Back 9

(Cuvier) speculating that each boundary between strata represents a catastrophe, such as a flood or drought, that destroyed many of the species living at that time

Front 10

Microevolution

Back 10

Small scale changes, does not lead to new species

Front 11

Macroevolution

Back 11

Large scale changes, lead to new species

Front 12

gradualism

Back 12

the idea that profound change can take place through the cumulative effect of slow but continuous processes.

Front 13

uniformitarianism

Back 13

Lyell proposed that the same geologic processes are operating today as in the past, and at the same rate. IE: Vulcanism, Mt Bldg, Formation of water falls.

Front 14

Darwins Evidences used to combat the static view of species (1)

Back 14

Fossils in South America resemble animals on the Galápagos. He hypothesized that the Galápagos had been colonized by organisms that had strayed from South America and had then diversified on the various islands.

Front 15

Darwins Evidences used to combat the static view of species (2)

Back 15

Resemblances between living species. Mammals have common ancestor- each with different purpose, same bones arranged in the same order.

Front 16

Adaptive Radiation

Back 16

When ancestral animal adapt and change or adapt to local conditions. (Finches)

Front 17

rafting

Back 17

castaways from storms on drift wood.

Front 18

descent with modification

Back 18

a phrase that summarized his view of life. Darwin perceived unity in life, with all organisms related through descent from an ancestor that lived in the remote past. As the descendants of that ancestral organism spilled into various habitats over millions of years, they accumulated diverse modifications, or adaptations, that fit them to specific ways of life.

Front 19

Nat Selection Info 1

Back 19

Organisms vary and these variations at least in part are inherited by their offspring. Variations are passed

Front 20

Nat Selection Info 2

Back 20

Organisms produce more offspring then what can survive, Many going to be eaten, Diseased, weak genotypes

Front 21

Nat Selction Conclusion

Back 21

on average offspring that vary most strongly in directions favored by the environment will survive and propogate. Favorable variation will there for accumulate in population by natural selection.