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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The feeding center stimulates what? |
Causes feeding
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The satiety center stimulates what?
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Inhibits feeding |
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What transports triglycerides and cholesterol?
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Chyomicra
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Triglycerides and cholesterol end up as what?
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Lipoproteins
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How are lipoproteins removed from circulation? |
By receptor-mediated endocytosis |
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What are the different classes of lipoproteins? |
Very low density (VLDL), low density (LDL), and high-density (HDL) |
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How many kcal/g of fat? |
9 |
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How many kcal/g of carb?s |
4 |
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How many kcal/g of protein? |
4 |
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What is a Calorie? |
The amount of heat required to increase temperature of 1-liter of water 1-degree celsius |
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What is the most efficient energy storage? a. Fat b. Carbs c. Protein |
a. Fat |
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How are carbs stored? |
As glycogen, a polymer of glucose, in liver and skeletal muscle |
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What is the normal energy source for neurons? |
Glucose |
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Are proteins stored for energy? |
No, but can be used for this purpose if necessary |
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What happens during the absorptive state? |
Glucose concentration rises and stimulates insulin secretion |
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What happens during the postabsorptive state? |
No more nutrients are being absorbed by the intestine, glucose concentration falls causing insulin concentration to fall |
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What is secreted to prevent glucose concentration from falling too low? |
Glucagon and adrenal corticoid secretion |
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What hormones affect metabolism? |
Insulin, Glucagon, Glucocorticoids |
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What secretes insulin? |
Beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas |
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What secretes glucagon? |
Alpha cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas |
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What secretes Glucocorticoids? |
The adrenal cortex |
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What are some stimuli for insulin secretion? |
1. increased blood concentration of glucose 2. increased blood concentration of amino acids 3. PNS stimulation 4. Gastrointestinal hormone (GIP) |
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What are some stimuli for glucagon secretion? |
1. decreased blood concentration of glucose 2. increased blood concentration of amino acids |
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What are some stimuli for Glucocorticoid secretion? |
1. low blood glucose concentration 2. stress 3. circadian rhythm |
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Effects of insulin secretion |
decrease blood concentration of glucose |
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Effects of glucagon secretion |
largely antagonistic to insulin 1. gluconeogenesis in liver 2. glycogenolysis in liver |
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Effects of glucocorticoid secretion |
1. gluconeogenesis in liver 2. breakdown of muscle proteins to release amino acids 2. suppress the immune system |
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How is glucose altered in muscle and fat? |
1. Moves GLUT4 transporters (glucose carrier) from cell interior to the membrane 2. Allows glucose to enter these cells by facilitated diffusion 3. Transporters are withdrawn into the cell interior when insulin concentration decreases |
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What is the secretion pathway for glucocorticoids?
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1. hypothalamus secretes CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone)
2. CRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) 3. ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete the glucocorticoids |
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What are some examples of glucocorticoids?
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Cortisol, cortisone, etc.
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