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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mendel's Law of Segregation |
The two alleles for each trait will separate from one another during gamete formation, and each allele will have an equal probability (1/2) of inclusion in a gamete |
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Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment |
During gamete formation, the segregation of alleles at one gene is independent of the segregation of alleles at another gene |
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Chi-Square Test - def'n |
A statistical test used to compare the observed results of an experiment with the results predicted by chance |
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Chi-Square Test - formula |
x^2 = sum( (O-E)^2 / E ) |
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Degrees of Freedom |
The number of independent variables in an experiment. In a Chis-Square test, most often the Number of outcome classes minus 1 (n-1) |
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Homozygous genotype |
A diploid genotype characterized by the presence of two identical alleles of a gene |
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Test cross |
The cross of an organism with the dominant phenotype that may be heterozygous with an organism that is homozygous for a recessive allele |
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Parental (P) Generation |
The parents of F1 progeny |
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Sum rule |
The probability of an event that can result from two or more equivalent outcomes. The probabilities of the contributing events are added, and their sum is the probability of the event in question |
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Recessive phenotype |
The phenotype observed in an organism that is homozygous for the recessive allele |
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Autosomal Dominant Inheritance |
A pattern of hereditary transmission in which the dominant allele of an autosomal gene results in the appearance of the dominant phenotype |
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F2 generation (second filial generation) |
The second generation, produced by crossing F1 organisms |
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Gamete |
Reproductive cell |
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Autosomal Inheritance |
Hereditary transmission of genes carried on autosomes |
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Joint probabillity |
The likelihood of an outcome requiring the occurrence of two or more simultaneous sequential events |
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Binomial Probablity |
A probability function using two coefficients, and b, whose sum equals 1 and whose products predict the probability of events |
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Standard Deviation (sigma) - def'n |
A statistical value that measures the scatter of outcome values around the mean average outcome value. |
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Standard Deviation - formula |
sqrt( sum( (n - m )^2 ) ) :-) |
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Pedigree |
A family tree composed of standard symbls that depicts relationships in successive generation and often displays phenotypes |
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Dihybrid Cross |
A cross between organisms that are heterozygous for two loci |
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Conditional Probablity |
A probability prediction that is dependent on another previous event having taken place |
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F1 (First Filial) Generation |
The first generation of offspring |
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Forked-line Diagram |
Am method for determining the probabilities of outcomes in a branching format |
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Phenotypic ratio (3:1 and 9:3:3:1) |
A ratio or set of relative proportions between organisms with different phenotypes. E.g.: Monohybrid cross - 3:1 Dihybrid cross - 9:3:3:1 |
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Heterozygous genotype |
A diploid genotype with two different alleles of a gene |
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Dominant phenotype |
The phenotype observed in a heterozygous organism that is identical to that observed in a homozygote |
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Reciprocal Cross |
Paired crosses involving distinct parental phenotypes in which the sexes are switched |
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Product Rule |
The probability of an event requiring the sequential or simultaneous occurrence of two or more contributing events. The probabilities of contributing events are multiplied, and their product is the event in question |
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Trihybrid Cross |
A genetic cross between organisms that are heterozygous for three genes |
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Pure-breeding strains |
A group of genetically identical homozygous organisms that , when self-fertilized or inter-crossed, only produce offspring that have a phenotype identical to the parents AKA true-breeding |
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Transmission Genetics |
The subfield of genetics concerned with assessment and analysis of gene transfer to offspring AKA Mendelian Genetics |
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P value |
In the Chi-Square test, the likelihood that a repeat experiment will produce a result as deviant or more deviant that expected in comparison to the experimental result being tested |
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Monohybrid Cross |
A genetic cross between organisms that are heterozygous for one gene |
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Replicate Cross |
Repeated crosses involving parents with the same genotypes and phenotypes |
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Autosomal Recessive Inheritance |
Hereditary transmission in which the recessive allele of an autosomal gene results in the appearance of the recessive phenotype |
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Particulate Inheritance |
Mendel's theory that genetic information is transmitted from one generation to the next as discrete units or elements of heredity |
