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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 properties of water |
Cohesive, temp stabilizer, polar, pH neutral |
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Mole |
Tells weight& #molecules. 1 mole = 6.02x10^23 molecules |
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Acid |
Adds Hydrogen ions (1-7) |
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Base |
Adds hydroxide ions or binds hydrogen ions |
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Dissociate |
Fall apart into hydrogen&hydroxide ions. Weaks =falls apart a little. strong = a lot |
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Organic molecules |
Contain carbon |
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Hydrocarbons |
Only carbon &hydrogen |
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Functional groups |
Combinations of atoms most commonly found in chemical reactions. Hydroxyl/alcohol, carboxyl, amino, ketone & phosphate group |
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Hydroxyl |
Polar &water soluable |
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Carboxyl |
Acid |
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Amino |
Weak base |
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Phosphate group |
Acid |
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Ketone |
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Organic macromolecules |
Big molecules (mostly polymers) that make up most of life excluding h2o. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
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Monomers |
Subunits of of polymers. Usually repeating. Dehydration synthesis joins them & hydrolysis breaks them |
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Carbohydrates |
Monomers=saccharides/simple sugar. Polar. (CH2O)n. Source of E & building blocks(cell walls). 4 types polysaccharides: starch, glucose, cellulose & chitin |
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Lipids |
Chemically diverse but all hydrophobic (mostly H&C). 3 types. Triacylglycerol E storage (fats). Steroids cell membrane components & hormones. Phospholipids major component of cell membranes. |
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Triacylglycerol |
Amimal fat &vegetable oil. 2 subunits (glycerol(head/polar)&fatty acid(tails/nonpolar)) saturated or unsaturated w hydrogen. |
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Phospholipids |
3 subunits. (1 glyercol 2 fatty acids &1 molecule w a phosphate group(head, v hydrophilic)) tails v hydrophobic & form bilayer |
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Protein |
Amino acid=monomer. Many functions: enzymes and cell membrane |
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Protein conformation |
Determines function(shape affects what it can bond to). 1: aa sequence 2: backbone atom H-bonds 3: r-group bonds to backbone/sidechain 4: 1+ polypeptide chain. Denatured by temp salts or pH |
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Nucleic acids |
Carry genetic info. DNA &RNA (monomers=nucleotides) sugar phosphate backbone |
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DNA |
Specifies AA sequence. Sugar=deoxyribose. 2 strand double helix. Has nucleus. N-bases: A=T & G÷C |
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RNA |
mRNA(carries info from DNA to ribosome), tRNA (brings AA for translation) & rRNA(aids ribosomes in translation). Ribose sugar. Single stand. No nucleus. N-bases: A=U & C÷G |
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Nucleotides |
5 carbon sugar, nitrogen base & 1+ phosphate group. Single ring (pyrimidine (C,T&U))and double ring (purine (A&G)) shape |
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ATP |
Adenosine triphosphate |
