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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Carbons |
Forms backbone to chains and rings of organic molecules Ex: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
Backbone |
|
Oxygen |
Water and organic molecules (carbon containing) used to generate ATP; used to store chemical energy by cells |
Chemical energy |
|
Hydrogen |
Part of water and most organic molecules; ionized form (H+); makes body fluids more acidic |
Acidic |
|
Nitrogen |
Component of all proteins and nucleic acids |
Protein |
|
Calcium |
Ionized form of (ca2+) needed for blood clotting, release of some horomones, and muscle contraction |
Ionized form of ca2+ |
|
Potassium |
Ionized form of cation (+ charge) in intracellular fluid needed to generate action potentials |
Cation |
|
Sodium |
Plentiful cation in extracellular fluid; maintain water balance, needed to generate action potentials |
Water balance |
|
Covalent bonding |
Strongest and most common type of bond; 2 or more atoms share electrons |
Gain not lose |
|
Single covalent bond |
2 atoms share 1 electron pair
Ex: a molecule of hydrogen forms when 2 hydrogen atoms share an electron |
Share |
|
Double covalent bond |
2 atoms share 2 electrons
Ex: water molecule |
Share too |
|
Triple covalent bond |
2 atoms share 3 pairs of electrons
Ex: molecule of nitrogen |
3 shares |
|
Non polar covalent bond |
When electrons share equally, between 2 identical or a carbon/hydrogen atom |
Equal sharing |
|
Polar covalent bond |
Sharing of atoms between 2 atoms is unequal; 1 nucleus atom is more attracted to the shared electrons more strongly
Ex: nitrog |
Unequal sharing |
|
How does a ionic bond differ from a covalent bond |
Ionic is gain or loss of electrons Covalent is sharing if electrons |
Electrons |
|
What determines if a covalent bond is polar or non polar |
Non polar share electrons equally Polar sharing of electrons is unequal |
Electron sharing |
|
Why are hydrogen bonds important |
Form links between molecules of water or different part of proteins & nucleic acid Forms a cohesion Ex: air sacs in lungs |
Cohesion |
|
Van Der waals |
Occurs when parts of a molecule due to unequal sharing and weak attractions from charge distributions |
Water tension |
|
Inorganic compounds |
Lack carbon and are simply structured Either have ionic or covalent bonds |
Lack and have |
|
Organic compounds |
Contain carbon, hydrogen Always have Covalent bonds |
Contain/always have |