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19 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
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Carbons

Forms backbone to chains and rings of organic molecules


Ex: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Backbone

Oxygen

Water and organic molecules (carbon containing) used to generate ATP; used to store chemical energy by cells

Chemical energy

Hydrogen

Part of water and most organic molecules; ionized form (H+); makes body fluids more acidic

Acidic

Nitrogen

Component of all proteins and nucleic acids

Protein

Calcium

Ionized form of (ca2+) needed for blood clotting, release of some horomones, and muscle contraction

Ionized form of ca2+

Potassium

Ionized form of cation


(+ charge) in intracellular fluid needed to generate action potentials

Cation

Sodium

Plentiful cation in extracellular fluid; maintain water balance, needed to generate action potentials

Water balance

Covalent bonding

Strongest and most common type of bond; 2 or more atoms share electrons

Gain not lose

Single covalent bond

2 atoms share 1 electron pair



Ex: a molecule of hydrogen forms when 2 hydrogen atoms share an electron

Share

Double covalent bond

2 atoms share 2 electrons



Ex: water molecule

Share too

Triple covalent bond

2 atoms share 3 pairs of electrons



Ex: molecule of nitrogen

3 shares

Non polar covalent bond

When electrons share equally, between 2 identical or a carbon/hydrogen atom

Equal sharing

Polar covalent bond

Sharing of atoms between 2 atoms is unequal; 1 nucleus atom is more attracted to the shared electrons more strongly



Ex: nitrog

Unequal sharing

How does a ionic bond differ from a covalent bond

Ionic is gain or loss of electrons


Covalent is sharing if electrons

Electrons

What determines if a covalent bond is polar or non polar

Non polar share electrons equally


Polar sharing of electrons is unequal

Electron sharing

Why are hydrogen bonds important

Form links between molecules of water or different part of proteins & nucleic acid


Forms a cohesion


Ex: air sacs in lungs

Cohesion

Van Der waals

Occurs when parts of a molecule due to unequal sharing and weak attractions from charge distributions

Water tension

Inorganic compounds

Lack carbon and are simply structured


Either have ionic or covalent bonds

Lack and have

Organic compounds

Contain carbon, hydrogen


Always have Covalent bonds

Contain/always have