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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Malthus theorem |
an observation by ThomasM that although the food supply increases arithmetically (from 1 to 2 to 3 to 4), population grows geometrically (from 2 to 4, 8 to 16)
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Exponential growth curve |
a pattern of growth in which numbers double during approximately equal intervals, showing a steep acceleration in the later stages |
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Demographic transition |
a 3 stage historical process of change in the size of population first, high birth rates and high death rates; second high birth rates and low death rates; third low birth rates and low death rates, fourth death rates outdue birth rates (industrialzized nations) |
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Population shrinkage |
the process by which a country's population becomes smaller because its birth rate and immigration are too low to replace those who die and emigrate |
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Demographic variables |
the 3 factors that change the size of a population -fertility, mortality, net migration |
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Fertility rate |
the number of children that the average women bears |
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Fecundity |
the number of children that women are capable of bearing |
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Crude birth rate |
the annual number of live births per 1,000 population |
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Crude death rate |
the annual number of deaths per 1,000 population |
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Population pyramid |
a graph that represents the age and sex of a population |
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net migration rate |
the difference between the number of immigrants and emigrants per 1,000 population |
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basic emigration equation |
the growth rate equals births minus deaths plus net migration |
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Growth rate |
the net change in population after adding births, subtracting deaths, and either adding or subtracting net migration, can result in a negative number |
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Zero population growth |
women bearing only enough children to reproduce the population |
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City |
a place in which a large number of people are permanently based and do not produce their on food |
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Urbanization |
the process by which and increasing proportion of a population lives in cities and has a growing influence on the culture |
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Mteropolis |
a central city surrounded by smaller cities and their suburbs |
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Megalopolis |
an urban area consisting of at least two metropolises and their many suburbs |
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Megacity |
a city of 10 million or more residents |
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Megaregion |
a merging of megacities and nearby populated areas into an even larger mass of people |
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Metropolitan statistical area |
a central city and the urbanized counties adjacent to it |
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Edge city |
a large clustering of service facilities and residential areas near highway intersections that provide a sense of place to people who live, shop, and work there |
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Gentrification |
middle-class people moving into a rundown area of a city, displacing the poor as they buy and restore homes |
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suburbanization |
the migration of people from the city to the suburbs |
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Suburb |
a community adjacent to a city |
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Human/ urban ecology |
Robert Park's term for the relationship between people and their environment (such as land and structures) |
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Invasion-succession cycle |
the process of one group of people displacing another group whose racial-ethnic or social class characteristics differ from their own |
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Alienation |
Marx's term for workers' lack of connection to the product of their labor; caused by workers being assigned repeptive tasks as a small part of a product, which leads to a sense of powerlessness, and normlesness -not feeling a part of something |
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Redlining |
a decision by the officers of a financial institution not to make loans in a particular area |
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Disinvestment |
the withdrawal of investments by financial institutions, which seals the fate of an urban area |
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Deindustrialization |
the process of industries moving out a country or region |
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Urban renewal |
the rehabilitation of a rundown area, which usually results in the displacement of the poor who are living in that area |
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Enterprise zone |
the use of economic investments in a designated area to encourage investment |
