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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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BIVALENT
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homologous chromosomes, each having sister chromatids that are joined by a nucleoprotein lattice during meiosis; also called a tetrad
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crossing-over
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exchange of segments between nonsister chromatids of a bivalent during meiosis
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fertilization
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fusion of sperm and egg nuclei, producing a zygote that develops into a new individual
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gamete (s)
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haploid sex cell; e.g. egg and sperm
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genetic recombination
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process in which new genetic information is incorporated into a chromosome or DNA fragment
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homologous chromosome
(homologues) |
member of a pair of chromosomes that are alike and come together in synapsis during prophase of the first meiotic division; homologue
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independent assortment
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alleles of unlinked genes segregate interdependently of each other during meiosis so that the gametes contains all possible combinations of alleles
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interkinesis
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period of time between meiosis I and meiosis II during which no DNA replications takes place
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life cycle
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recurring pattern of genetically programmed events by which individuals grow, develop, maintain themselves and reproduce.
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meiosis
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type of nuclear division that occurs as part of sexual reproduction, in which the daughter cells receive the haploid number of chromosomes in varied combinations
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oogenesis
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production of eggs in females by the process of meiosis and maturation
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polar body
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in oogenesis, a nonfunctional product, two to three meiotic products are of this type
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secondary oocyte
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in oogenesis, the functional product of meiosis I; becomes the egg
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sexual reproduction
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reproduction involving meiosis, gamete formation, and fertilization; produces offspring with chromosomes inherited from each parent with a unique combination of genes
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spermatogenesis
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production of sperm in males by the process of meiosis and maturation
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spore
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asexual reproductive or resting cell capable of developing into a new organism without fusion with another cell, in contrast to a gamete
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synapsis
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pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I
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zygote
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diploid cell formed by the union of two gametes; the product of fertilization
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production of sperm in males by the process of meiosis and maturation
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spermatogenesis
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pair of homologous chromosomes at the metaphase plate during meiosis I
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bivalent
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a nonfunctional product of oogenesis
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polar body
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the functional product of meiosis I in oogenesis becomes the egg
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secondary oocyte
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member of a pair of chromosomes in which both members carry genes for the same traits
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homologue
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A bivalent is...
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the paired homologous chromosomes
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If a parent cell has twelve chromosomes, then each of the daughter cells following meiosis will have...
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six chromosomes
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At the metaphase plate during metaphase I of meiosis, there are...
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bivalents
homologous pairs of chromosomes |
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At the metaphase plate during metaphase II of meiosis, there are...
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unpaired duplicated chromosomes
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Gametes contain one of each kind of chromosome because
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the homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis
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Crossing over occurs between...
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nonsister chromatids of a bivalent
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During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?
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anaphase I
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Fertilization...
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is a source of variation during sexual reproduction
is fusion of the gametes occurs in both animal and plant life cycles restores the diploid number of chromosomes |
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Which of these is not a difference between spermatogenesis in humans....
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occurs in males
produces four sperm per meiosis __produces haploid cells____ always goes to completion |
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which of these is not a difference between oogenesis in humans?
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occurs in females
produces one egg per meiosis __produces diploid cells___ does not always go to completion |
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Normally, a person has 46 chromosomes in his or here karyotype.
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True
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Nondisjunction can occur during meiosis I or meiosis II.
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True
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During meiosis I, chromatids separate, and during meiosis II the members of homologous pairs separate.
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False
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The chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate of the spindle during anaphase.
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False
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Half of your chromosomes were inherited from your father and half were inherited from your mother.
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True
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Homologous chromosomes pair during prophase of mitosis.
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False
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If the parental cell has 24 chromosomes, the daughter cells following mitosis will have____ chromosomes and following meiosis will have _____ chromosomes.
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24, 12
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Meiosis in males is a part of _________, and meiosis in females is a part of _________.
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spermatogenesis, oogenesis
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Oogenesis will not go to completion unless __________ occurs.
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fertilization
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In humans, meiosis produces_______ , and in plants, meiosis produces _________.
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gametes, spores
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During oogenesis, the primary oocyte is _________ and the secondary oocyte is _________.
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diploid, haploid
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Spindle fibers are attached to kinechores.
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mitosis
meiosis I meiosis II |
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The parental cell has 10 duplicated chromosomes and the daughter cells have 5 duplicated chromosomes.
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meiosis
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Consists of a number of stages.
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mitosis
meiosis I meiosis II |
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The parental cell has 5 duplicated chromosomes and the daughter cells have 5 chromosomes consisting of one chromatid each.
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meiosis II
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In humans, occurs only in the sexual organs.
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meiosis I
meiosis II |
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The parental cell has 10 duplicated chromosomes and the daughter cells have 10 duplicated chromosomes.
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mitosis
meiosis I meiosis II |
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Involved in growth and repair of tissues.
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mitosis
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which of these drawings represents metaphase I? How do you know?
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the cell on the right represents metaphase I because bivalents are present at the metaphase plate.
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During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate from each other?
Anaphase I S Telophase II Prophase I Prophase II |
Anaphase
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Which of the following terms does not apply to oogenesis? (Select all that apply.)
Polar bodies Epididymis Acrosome Primary oocyte |
epididymis
acrosome |
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The cell division process that an organism uses for growth and cell replacement is called
Meiosis Metastasis Cytokinesis Metaphase Mitosis |
Mitosis
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What process results in the production of one functional gamete and two polar bodies?
Spermatozoa Spermatogenesis Crossing over Apoptosis Oogenesis |
Oogenesis
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The physical evidence, observable in a microscope, that crossing over has occurred is called
Sister chromatid A chiasma A replicon Homologous chromosome pairing Allele |
chiasma
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Humans have a ___ life cycle. Plants have a ___ life cycle. Fungi have a ___ life cycle.
Gametic, zygotic, sporic Zygotic, gametic, sporic Sporic, zygotic, gametic Gametic, sporic, zygotic None of the above are correct. |
Gametic, sporic, zygotic
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Metaphase II of meiosis is most like which part of the diploid cell cycle?
Anaphase of mitosis Interphase G2 Metaphase of mitosis Cytokinesis |
Metaphase of mitosis
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If a cell has 24 chromosomes before it goes through meiosis, there will be ___ cell(s), (each) with ___ chromosomes after meiosis.
1, 48 2, 24 1, 12 4, 12 None of these are correct. |
4, 12
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A general term that refers to the production of sex cells is
Oogenesis Gametogenesis Apoptosis Spermatogenesis Spermatozoa |
gametogenesis
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Which one of the following items is not a characteristic of mature spermatozoa?
Contains two polar bodies Anterior acrosome Haploid chromosome number Reduced volume of cytoplasm Posterior flagellum |
Contains two polar bodies
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During which phase of meiosis do we observe crossing over?
Prophase II S Prophase I Anaphase I Telophase II |
Prophase I
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Normal body cells have two sets of chromosomes, called
Heteromorphic chromosomes Polar bodies Sister chromatids Secondary spermatocytes Homologous chromosomes |
Homologous chromosomes
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The cell division process that an organism uses for the production of sex cells is called
Meiosis Metaphase Cytokinesis Mitosis Metastasis |
meiosis
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If a cell has 24 chromosomes before it goes through mitosis, there will be ___ cell(s), (each) with ___ chromosomes after mitosis.
1, 48 2, 48 1, 12 4, 24 None of these are correct. |
None of these are correct.
(2, 24 chromosomes) |
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Reduction-division refers to the process of
(Select all that apply.) Dividing the number of cells in a tissue by two Reducing the amount of cytoplasm in the cell Reducing the number of chromosomes in a cell by one-half Reducing the number of chromosomes from the diploid to the haploid state |
Reducing the number of chromosomes in a cell by one-half
Reducing the number of chromosomes from the diploid to the haploid state |
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Somatic cells are
(Select all that apply.) Body cells like skin, muscle, and bone cells 2n Cells in the germ line Normally not involved in the production of gametes |
Body cells like skin, muscle, and bone cells
2n Normally not involved in the production of gametes |
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Which of the following is not a difference between mitosis and meiosis? (Select all that apply.)
The ploidy level of the resulting daughter cells The amount of DNA produced during the S phase The number of daughter cells produced The behavior of homologous chromosomes |
The ploidy level of the resulting daughter cells
The amount of DNA produced during the S phase |
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A cell that has been through the S phase of the cell cycle will have
(Select all that apply.) A diploid number of chromosomes Chromosomes that have been duplicated Homologous chromosomes Chromosomes that consist of two sister chromatids |
Chromosomes that have been duplicated
Chromosomes that consist of two sister chromatids |
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Cells that are in the direct line of gamete production are said to be in the
(Select all that apply.) Seminiferous tubules Homologous pair line Crossing over stage Germ line |
Germ line
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When does a human female possess all of her primary oocytes?
They are produced continually throughout her reproductive life. Shortly after birth Just before menopause Before birth At puberty |
Before birth
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