Chap 1 And 2 Ocn

Front 1

what is Science?

Back 1

Methodical study of the structure and
behavior of the natural world through
observation and experiment

Front 2

what is Science?

Back 2

Methodical study of the structure and
behavior of the natural world through
observation and experiment

Front 3

what is the soler system made of?

Back 3

75% Hydrogen
23%helium
2%everything else

Front 4

what is the soler system made of?

Back 4

75% Hydrogen
23%helium
2%everything else

Front 5

What are the major elements of the earth?

Back 5

Iron=36.0%
Oxygen=28.7%
Silicon=14.8%
Magnesium=13.6
Nickel=2.0%
Calcium=1/7%
Sulfur=1.7%
Aluminum=1.3%
Other=0.3%

Front 6

What is Chemical Differentation?

Back 6

Differences in elemental composition based on where and how a planet or structure formed and the properties of the elements

Front 7

how did they scientificlly tell Latitude in the old days?

Back 7

just needed to measure altitude of known celstial object like the North Star

Front 8

How did they tell Longitude in the old days?

Back 8

needed to know the time of day at ur reference point

Front 9

Element

Back 9

a basic building block

Front 10

Compound

Back 10

combination of elements

Front 11

Ion

Back 11

Any element or compound with a charge

Front 12

water= a powerful solvent, water is a polarized molecule(+ and - ends)

Back 12

meorize

Front 13

where is all the earths water?

Back 13

oceans=97.25%
ice cap and glaciers=2.05%
Groundwater=68%
rest(in order of most to least)=lakes, soild, atmosphere, rivers, biosphere

Front 14

What is the composition of seawater?

Back 14

Typically 35 grams of inorganic salt per liter of water

Front 15

Salinity

how much g/kg in ocean and rivers?

Back 15

Salinity is the total quantity of dissolved inorganic solids (salts) in water

-in the ocean= 32 to 39 g/kg
In rivers= appoximately=0.1 g/kg

Front 16

At a salinity of 35 g/kg what are the 6 ions that make up the 99.8% of dissolved chemicals known as the Major ions?

Back 16

Cl= Chloride=19.344
Na-= Sodium=10.773
SO= Sulphate= 2.712
Mg=Magnesium=1.292
Ca=Calcium= 0.412
K=Potassium=0.399

Front 17

At salinity of 35 g/kg in terms of number of atoms per kg of seawater? GET HELP OF WTF THIS MEANS

Back 17

Cl= Chloride= 1.13 moles
Na= Sodium= 0.98 moles
SO=Sulphate=0.06 moles
Mg=Magnesium=0.11 moles
Ca=calcium=0.02 moles
K=potassium= 0.02 moles

One mole=6 times 10 to the 21 stoms

Front 18

What is the Principle of Constant proportions? GET HELPPPPP, power point 5 slide 4

Back 18

regardless of how the salinity caries from place to place, the ratios between the amounts of the 6 major ions in the open ocean are nearly constant.

example: cl-/na+= 19.344(g/kg)/ 10.773(g/kg)=1.796 everywhere in the open ocean(excluding near rivers or local sources)

so... the salinity can change by rainfall or evaporation but the major ions will all chnage their concentrations together

Front 19

memorize that the ratio of major ions is uniform everywhere in the open ocean, and minor ions have non-uniform distributions, in powerpoint 5 slide 5 ASK FOR HELP ON WTF THIS MEANS

Back 19

ask

Front 20

ASK FOR HELP ON POWERPOINT 5 # SLIDE 5 AND 6

Back 20

ASK

Front 21

what are two ways the ocean is salty?

Back 21

the ocean is salty because rivers carry dissolved salts, weathered from rocks on land, in to the ocean. The water then evporates, leaving the salts behind.

-but thats not the hole story, componenents of seawater not accounted for by rivers are called excess volatiles. The Chloride comes from volcanism. HCl is an important part of volcanic gases.

Front 22

So is the ocean getting saltier?

Back 22

no. the ocean is in steady state, meaning over long periods stuff in equals stuff out. (example.. river flow in and flow out)

Front 23

what is the definition of Residence time? and what is the equation?

Back 23

residence time is the average length of time an element spends in the ocean.


-residence time(yr)= amount of element in ocean (kg)/ amount of element being added or removed from ocean (kg/yr)

Front 24

what do elements with long residence times have? and short?

Back 24

long=
-have a long time to accumulate in the oceans
-concentration can increase
-undergo large number of stirring cycles
-are well mixed

short=
-are removed quickly
-do not have time to build up concentration
-not well mixed

Front 25

hydrothermal vents
and how chimneys are formed and not formed

Back 25

are places where hi temperature water comes into the ocean and are generally found on tectonic plate boundaries that are spreading apart. they play an important role in ocean chemistry. the hi temp hydrothermal fluid can rect with seawater and build chimneys. sometimes reaction with seawater occurs below seafloor, then lower temp water is vented and chimneys are not formed.

Front 26

MEMORIZE Hydrothermal vents support life not based on photosynthesis

Back 26

memorize

Front 27

GET HELP WITH THESE SUMMERY QUESTIONS.

1. Salinity is the measure of dissolved inorganic solids in water(grams of salt per kilogram of seawater)

2. The principal of constant proportions, why does it applies to the major ions but not to others? How does residence times relate to the principal of constant proportaions?

Back 27

ASK