Change In La

Front 1

1500-1820s

Back 1

-Race Stratification: Indians, Europeans, Africans
peninsulares – whites born in Spain, creoles –born in NW
Portugal’s taxing of exports instead of the domestic market slowed moves towards independence
It was challenge to the power of the Creoles more than anything else that led Spanish America towards independence

Front 2

1820s-1870s

Back 2

Exportable surplus of agriculture and mining production that linked south/north America.
Governments run by strong men – caudillos
Almost no growth during this period
Oligarchic States

Front 3

Pension Reforms but

Back 3

Transitional reforms high
Private funds charged high fees

Front 4

L.A. Conondrum -

Back 4

dependency theory, cultural, policies, inequality

Front 5

How did bureacratic authoritarian regimes enforce dominance of oligarchized and internationalized bourgeousie.

Back 5

excluding from power the popular sectors, and stabilizing the economy by benefitting large companies at the expense of teh worker.

Front 6

Velasco?

Back 6

Peru, nationalised but encourage some private foreign investment. Failed to create organised base of support

Front 7

Weakness with Punto Fijo

Back 7

armed forces bought off, ran own affairs. centralized power - appointed not elected. some groups not represented by 2 parties.

Front 8

Perez:

Back 8

Chavez predecessor, failed to instill free market reforms, botched doubling of gas price

Front 9

21st century socialism marked by:

Back 9

increases in public spending as a result of rise in oil prices and bigger shares of revenue

Front 10

Poderes Factitios

Back 10

Shadowy guiatemalan networks linking corrupt former army officals and organized criminal gangs of drug traffickers

Front 11

Salinas:

Back 11

Mexican President, led country into NAFTA

Front 12

Tequila Crisis:

Back 12

1994 devaluation of currency that led to a deep recession

Front 13

Telmex

Back 13

Mexican phone company, monopoly, private

Front 14

Jose Carlose Mariategui

Back 14

Journalist/essayist who founded Perus' communist party. Opposed by Haya de la Torre and APRA

Front 15

Evo Morales:

Back 15

president of Bolivia, leader of socialist movement, wants land reforms and redistribution of gas wealth to give more power to the poor

Front 16

Daniel Ortega:

Back 16

president of Nicaragua, leader of Sandinista National Liberation Front, also a fan of land reform and wealth redistribution

Front 17

Juscilana Kubitschek

Back 17

president of Brazil, 50 years progress in 5

Front 18

Mononeros:

Back 18

L.A.'s most powerful urban guerilla group, radical catholicism, nationalism, Peronism into a populistic expression of socialism.2 years wiped out by military

Front 19

Punto Fijo

Back 19

Venezuela, power sharing agreement that placed 2 political parties at center of life in order to exclude commies and set limits to political competition.

Front 20

PdVSA

Back 20

Venezuela state oil company

Front 21

Bolivarian Revolution

Back 21

act by Chavez to set up a health clinic (Mercal) - a super market, education missions including Barrio Adentro - housed 16000 doctors provided by Castro.

Front 22

Rafael Correra

Back 22

Ecuadorian president, 'humanist on the Christian Left'

Front 23

Polarization

Back 23

decreases confidence and stability

Front 24

Fundacion:

Back 24

joint venture between gov't and ITT (american business conglomerate) Brought into being to improve image smeared by CIA coup allegations against Allende. Helped development of businesses - seeks private partners and drops out once business is viable.

Front 25

Michelle Bachelet

Back 25

2006, president of Chile, Socialist parties. promotes a citizens democracy but shook by protests over quality of education.

Front 26

Pacto:

Back 26

an incomes policy negotiated with business and Fidel Velazquez real wages halved in the '92. Mexico

Front 27

National Human Rights Commission:

Back 27

PRI surrendered its monopoly of state governships, allowed elections

Front 28

IFE

Back 28

Federal Electoral Institute. Mexico

Front 29

National Solidarity Programme:

Back 29

40% of total public investment, for building health clinics etc. money goes mainly to mayors, backed by newly created solidarity committees.

Front 30

Populism:

Back 30

brand of politics in which a strong leader purports to be savior, blurring distinctino between leader government party state. Redistribution of income in an unsustainable fashion - driven by inequality and rich natural resources

Front 31

Treaty of Tlatelolco

Back 31

commitment to remain free of nuclear weapons

Front 32

FARC

Back 32

terrorist group, columbia ecuador bolivia

Front 33

NAEWG

Back 33

north american energy alliance

Front 34

Gendarmies:

Back 34

militias set up by National Guard mostly in Nicaragua

Front 35

Calvo Doctrine

Back 35

foreigners including investors should be treated the same as nationals

Front 36

Drago Doctrine:

Back 36

debts should not be collected by force

Front 37

Dulles

Back 37

proposition that control of any American state by communist constituted a threat.

Front 38

Richard Lagos

Back 38

president of Chile, deepened its commitment to neoliberalism

Front 39

Cardosa (Real Plan)

Back 39

Bottom up industrialization, centerpiece = virtual currency - unit of real value

Front 40

Brazil Late industrialization due to:

Back 40

3 decades of growth sine 1980, debt crisis/poor leadership, size, statist nationalism. less populated areas greatly overrepresented

Front 41

Lula

Back 41

Bolsa familia successful, committed to Cardosa IMF loan - neoliberal policies. kept important ministries in hands of PT.

Front 42

appointment of Salinas caused

Back 42

split by Cardenas who started PRD

Front 43

Salinas restored:

Back 43

relations with Vatican, granted members of ejidos land, joined NAFTA

Front 44

Zedillo:

Back 44

IFE finally independent, Supreme court created

Front 45

PAN

Back 45

conservative lawyers, Vincent Fox

Front 46

3 priorities of Washington after 1980s

Back 46

opening markets strengthening democracies and stemming drug flow

Front 47

4 principles that guide US immigration plicy

Back 47

reunification of families, immigrants with needed skills, protection of refugees, diversity by country