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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Young children and pregnant mothers should not receive tetracycline because it can interfere with the development of what?
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Teeth - can discolor and cause malformation
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The posterior vaginal fornix lies just anterior to what structure, which can be drained of blood or pus using culdocentesis?
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Pouch of Douglas (rectouterine pouch)
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Kaposi's sarcoma is most commonly associated with what disease?
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HIV/AIDS
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Gianotti-Crosti syndrome is most commonly associated with what disease?
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Hepatitis B (presents with erythematous papules, pruritic erythematous papules, and pustules on the distal extremities and faces of children. Usually lasts 2 months.)
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What virus causes oral hairy leukoplakia?
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Epstein Barr (associated with HIV)
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Down syndrome is associated with a low level of which protein in the maternal amniotic fluid?
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Alpha fetoprotein
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Neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly are associated with high levels of what protein in the maternal amniotic fluid?
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Alpha fetoprotein
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What is the chromosomal abnormality in Klinefelter's syndrome?
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XXY
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What is the chromosomal abnormality in Turner's syndrome?
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Monosomy X (X0)
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What is the chromosomal abnormality in Down syndrome?
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Trisomy 21
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What is the chromosomal abnormality in Edwards syndrome?
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Trisomy 18
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Microcephaly, prominent occiput, low set malformed ears, micrognathia, cleft lip/palate, widely spaced eyes, clubfoot/rocker bottom feet, and a short breast bone are physical manifestations of what genetic disease?
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Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18)
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What is the most common cause of infectious neonatal conjunctivitis?
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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An otherwise healthy 29 year old female presents with painful intercourse which seems to worsen and abate in time with her menses. Pelvic exam demonstrates a fixed and retroverted uterus. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Endometriosis
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What precursor of estradiol is initially synthesized by the theca interna?
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Androstenedione
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A newborn presents with microcephaly, round facies, and a cat like cry. What is the most likely genetic defect?
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Cri du chat; deletion of short arm of chromosome 5
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Patients with Down's syndrome are especially likely to develop what type of cancer?
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Acute leukemia
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The inactivation of one X chromosome in females forms what?
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Barr body
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What enzyme is used by retroviruses for transcribing their RNA to DNA?
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Reverse transcriptase
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The granulosa lutein cells drop production of what hormone in response to a decrease in blood levels of LH?
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Progesterone
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What organism is usually associated with the toxin that can lead to the development of toxic shock syndrome?
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Staph aureus
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What practice is commonly associated with the development of toxic shock syndrome?
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Tampon use
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A defect leading to decreased epithelial chloride transport is indicative of what disease?
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Cystic fibrosis
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A 25 year old HIV positive man presents with a new onset skin lesion. On exam the lesion is highly vascular. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Kaposi's sarcoma
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What antibody class is known to be able to cross the placenta?
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IgG
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AIDS is characterized by a deficiency of what type of cell?
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CD4+ lymphocytes or T helper cells
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Cystic fibrosis is what pattern of inheritance?
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Autosomal recessive
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A 32 year old man of Middle Eastern origin presents with uveitis, genital ulcers, and recurrent oral ulcers. He also complains of joint pain in the knees and ankles. Labs are positive for HLA B51. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Behcet's disease (most common in Mediterranean, Middle East, Japan, and men)
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What is the other name for the suspensory ligaments of the ovary?
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Infundibulopelvic ligament
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What are the 5 components of the APGAR score?
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Appearance (color), Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respirations
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Name 5 diseases that can be caused by alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.
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Liver disease, bronchiectasis, early onset emphysema, necrotizing panniculitis, Wegener's granulomatosis
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What is the classic triad of pre-eclampsia?
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HTN, proteinuria, edema
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In the US, what is the only immunization that can be administered at birth?
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Hepatitis B vaccine
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A positive Prehn's sign is an indication of what?
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Epididymitis
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy is transmitted according to what muscular pattern?
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X linked
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Which nucleotides are purines?
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Adenine & Guanine
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What drugs block DNA topoisomerases?
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Quinolones
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A disorder of connective tissue that has the physical aspects of tall stature, long thin arms and legs, and spider like fingers is called what?
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Marfan's syndrome
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A patient with PKU is unable to metabolize which amino acid?
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Phenylalanine
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Clue cells are associated with what condition?
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Bacterial vaginosis
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A blue dot sign is indicative of what?
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Testicular appendix torsion
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Arrested migration of the testes is indicated by this term.
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Cryptoorchidism
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What are the maneuvers called to determine the position of a fetus in utero?
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Leopold's maneuvers
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A newborn presents with a head that will not turn equally to each side and is fixed facing one side. What is this known as?
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Torticollis
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"Wry neck" is also known as what?
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Torticollis
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A newborn has visible abdominal contents that are covered with a membrane. What is this known as?
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Omphalocele
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A baby is born with the intestines existing completely outside the abdominal wall. What is this known as?
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Gastroschisis
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The Ortolani maneuver looks for what abnormality?
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Dislocated hip in an infant
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The Barlow maneuver looks for what possible condition?
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Dislocatable hip in an infant
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The Galeazzi sign indicates what in an infant?
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Uneven knee level - hip abnormality
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The startle reflex in an infant is also called what?
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Moro reflex
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Truncal incurvation of an infant is called what?
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Galant reflex
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What is the most common shape of the pelvic opening?
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Gynecoid
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Hyperacusis, hypertonia, blindness with macular red spots, seizure, irritability in a Jewish infant?
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Tay Sachs disease
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