Challenge Bowl Pulmonary

Front 1

A non-caseating granuloma is most commonly associated with what disease?

Back 1

Sarcoidosis

Front 2

What system is most affected by sarcoidosis?

Back 2

Pulmonary

Front 3

A 23 year old male gives a sputum specimen which contains Curschmann's spirals. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Back 3

Asthma

Front 4

A patient has a gunshot wound to the chest. Xrays reveal that the bullet is lodged in a structure that lies directly posterior to the hilus of the right lung. What structure is the bullet likely lodged in?

Back 4

Esophagus

Front 5

A caseating lesion in the lung is indicative of what?

Back 5

Tuberculosis

Front 6

Pleural and peritoneal mesotheliomas are related to exposure to what substance?

Back 6

Asbestos

Front 7

A child with recurrent pulmonary infections and fatty stools should be evaluated with what test?

Back 7

Sweat chloride test (for cystic fibrosis)

Front 8

Damage to what nerve would paralyze the hemidiaphragm, resulting in respiratory distress?

Back 8

Phrenic

Front 9

What is the disease that affects predominantely young male smokers and presents with ulcerations and ischemia of distal extremities?

Back 9

Thromboangiitis obliterans, or Buerger's disease

Front 10

A 63 year old man with emphysema and a history of smoking presents with pain, numbness, and weakness of the left arm. Cardiovascular and central nervous system exams are normal. Chest xray shows an apical mass on the left lung involving the brachial plexus. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Back 10

Pancoast tumor

Front 11

What anti-TB agent causes orange urine?

Back 11

Ethambutol

Front 12

What anti-TB agent causes red green vision changes?

Back 12

Ethambutol

Front 13

A newborn infant develops respiratory distress syndrome immediately after birth. Xray demonstrates a severely underdeveloped left lung with loops of bowel in the left chest cavity. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Back 13

Diaphragmatic hernia - abdominal contents spill into the chest cavity through an aperture in the diaphragm, impairing development of the lung; much more common on left

Front 14

In premature newborns, respiratory distress syndrome may result from a large number of which immature, non-functional cells?

Back 14

Type II pneumocytes (aka type 2 alveolar cells)

Front 15

What is the average measurement for tidal volume on spirometry?

Back 15

500 mL

Front 16

What gas makes up the majority of our atmosphere?

Back 16

Nitrogen 78%

Front 17

Name 5 examples of obstructive lung disease.

Back 17

Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis

Front 18

What is the name of the passages that allow for passage of air between the alveolar septa?

Back 18

Pores of Kohn

Front 19

What is the chemical name of the gas commonly known as "laughing gas?"

Back 19

Nitrous oxide

Front 20

What 2 gases largely make up human flatus?

Back 20

Carbon dioxide and methane

Front 21

A positive Steeple sign seen on radiographs occurs with what disease?

Back 21

Croup

Front 22

A 42 year old female presents with sudden onset of shortness of breath for 15 minutes. PMH is negative. She takes only oral OCPs. What is the gold standard test for this condition?

Back 22

Pulmonary angiogram

Front 23

PCP pneumonia presents with what classic radiographic finding on chest xray?

Back 23

Ground glass appearance

Front 24

Laryngotracheobronchitis is commonly known as what?

Back 24

Croup

Front 25

In what bodies is surfactant stored?

Back 25

Lamellar bodies

Front 26

What is the most common etiologic agent of croup?

Back 26

Parainfluenza viruses

Front 27

What is the glycoprotein deficiency that is associated with primary emphysema?

Back 27

Alpha 1 antitrypsin

Front 28

What respiratory infection can present as a gray pseudomembrane on the uvula?

Back 28

diphtheria

Front 29

The disease that is characterized by collapse of the alveoli and terminal bronchioles due to lack of adequate lung surfactant and immature state of alveolarization is known as what?

Back 29

Hyaline membrane disease

Front 30

What is the most common cause of respiratory failure in the first few days of life?

Back 30

Hyaline membrane disease

Front 31

What are the 4 hazardous materials that can cause pneumoconiosis?

Back 31

Asbestos, coal dust, silica, beryllium

Front 32

Schaumann’s bodies are associated with what disease?

Back 32

Sarcoidosis

Front 33

What is the MOA of albuterol?

Back 33

Stimulates beta 2 adrenergic receptors, relaxing airway smooth muscle (selective beta agonist)

Front 34

A regularly irregular crescendo-decrescendo pattern of progressive increase in depth and frequency what culminates in an apneic phase is what?

Back 34

Cheyne-Stokes breathing - seen in CHF, meningitis, CVA, pontine damage

Front 35

Dullness to percussion of the left lung over the angle of the scapula due to compressive atelectasis from a large pericardial effusion is called what?

Back 35

Ewart's sign

Front 36

most common cause of pneumonia in an alcoholic; CXR shows infiltrates with cavitations

Back 36

Klebsiella pneumonia

Front 37

DOC in treating mycoplasma pneumonia

Back 37

erythromycin or tetracycline

Front 38

pneumococcus is the most common cause of CAP and should be treated with amoxicillin. If pt has penicillin allergy, then what is the next drug class of choice?

Back 38

macrolide

Front 39

this condition shows coarse lung markings and even honeycombing due to the abnormal dilatiation of the bronchial tree

Back 39

brochiectasis

Front 40

eggshell calcification of hilar or mediastinal lymph nodes is characteristic of this lung disease

Back 40

silicosis

Front 41

inspiratory crackles along with bronchial breath sounds, increased tactile fremitus and transmitted voice sounds, and dullness to percussion over the involved area is consistent with what description?

Back 41

consolidated pneumonia

Front 42

out of all of the types of lung cancer, this type has the worst prognosis and a median survival of 12-16 months

Back 42

small cell lung cancer

Front 43

This technique is the imaging study of choice to diagnose DVT, while doppler US can be used for screening

Back 43

constrast venography

Front 44

gold standard tool for the diagnosis of PTE

Back 44

pulmonary arteriography

Front 45

evaluation for asthma should be include spirometry before and after the administration of this class of drug to determine if airflow obstruction is immediately reversible

Back 45

SABA

Front 46

symptoms include chronic cough, purulent sputum, hemoptysis, and recurrent pneumonia

Back 46

brochiectasis

Front 47

non-productive cough and expiratory wheezes are consistent with what disease?

Back 47

asthma

Front 48

common in infants and children and is most commonly caused by RSV or adenovirus

Back 48

bronchiolitis

Front 49

this disease is characterized by permanent, abnormal dilation and estruction of bronchial walls

Back 49

bronchiectasis

Front 50

the best imaging study to detect as little as 10mL of fluid in the lung

Back 50

chest CT

Front 51

this type of effusion is common in congestive heart failure. Pleural findings consistent with the effusion include glucose >50mg/dL; pH >7.2; protein<3.0g/dL; WBCs<1000 McL

Back 51

transudative effusion

Front 52

most common cause of severe lung disease in young adults

Back 52

cystic fibrosis

Front 53

in this illness, catarrhal is the first stage of illness. The second stage--paroxymal--is marked by onset of coughing. The third and final stage is the convalescent stage where the number, severity, and duration of coughing episodes diminish

Back 53

pertussis

Front 54

this finding on CXR is found in 80% of patients witn noncardiogenic acute respiratory distress syndrome

Back 54

air bronchogram

Front 55

this syndrome (ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis) is due to involvement of the inferior cervical ganglion and paravertebral sympathetic chain in patient with lung cancer

Back 55

Horner's syndrome

Front 56

4 indications for intubation

Back 56

inability to adequately ventilate, inability to adequately oxygenate, excessive work of breathing, airway protection

Front 57

abrupt onset of fever, chills; myalgias; HA and non-productive cough

Back 57

influenza

Front 58

lateral neck xray shows steeple sign, or narrowing of the subglattic area and normal epiglottis

Back 58

croup

Front 59

s.pneumonia, h.flu, and legionella species are noted in what type of pneumonia?

Back 59

lobar pneumonia