Chabner Lom Chapter Two

Front 1

anabolism

Back 1

Process of building up complex materials (proteins) from simple materials.

Front 2

catabolism

Back 2

Process of breaking down complex materials (foods) to form simpler substances and release energy.

Front 3

cell membrane

Back 3

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.

Front 4

chromosomes

Back 4

Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes. There are 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in every cell except for the egg and sperm cells, which contain only 23 individual, unpaired chromosomes.

Front 5

cytoplasm

Back 5

All the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.

Front 6

DNA

Back 6

Chemical found within each chromosome. Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the activities of the cell.

Front 7

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 7

Structure (canals) within the cytoplasm. Site in which large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces. Ribosomes are found on the endoplasmic reticulum.

Front 8

genes

Back 8

Regions of DNA within each chromosome.

Front 9

karyotype

Back 9

Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure.

Front 10

metabolism

Back 10

The total of the chemical processes in a cell. It includes both catabolism and anabolism.

Front 11

mitochondria

Back 11

Structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned to release energy.

Front 12

nucleus

Back 12

Control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell.

Front 13

adipose tissue

Back 13

Collection of fat cells

Front 14

cartilage

Back 14

Flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints. For example, it surrounds the trachea and forms part of the external ear and nose.

Front 15

epithelial cell

Back 15

Skin cells that cover the external body surface and line the internal surfaces of organs.

Front 16

histologist

Back 16

Specialist in the study of tissues.

Front 17

larynx

Back 17

Voice box; located at the upper part of the trachea.

Front 18

pharynx

Back 18

Throat. The pharynx is the common passageway for food (from the mouth going to the esophagus) and air (from the nose to the trachea).

Front 19

pituitary gland

Back 19

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain.

Front 20

thyroid gland

Back 20

Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck.

Front 21

trachea

Back 21

Windpipe (tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes).

Front 22

ureter

Back 22

One of the two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.

(Spelling clue: Ureter has two e's and there are two of them)

Front 23

urethra

Back 23

Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.

(Spell clue: Urethra has one e and there is only urethra.)

Front 24

uterus

Back 24

The womb. The organ that holds the embryo and baby as it develops

Front 25

viscera

Back 25

Internal organs.

Front 26

abdominal cavity

Back 26

Space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called the abdomen.

Front 27

cranial cavity

Back 27

Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull. Cranial means pertaining to the skull.

Front 28

diaphragm

Back 28

Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities.

Front 29

diaphragm

Back 29

Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities.

Front 30

dorsal (posterior)

Back 30

Pertaining to the back.

Front 31

mediastinum

Back 31

Centrally located space between the lungs.

Front 32

pelvic cavity

Back 32

Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs. Pelvic means pertaining to the hip bone, which surrounds the pelvic cavity.

Front 33

peritoneum

Back 33

Membrane surrounding the organs in the abdomen.

Front 34

pleura

Back 34

A double-layered membrane surrounding each lung.

Front 35

pleural cavity

Back 35

Space between the pleural membranes and surrounding each lung.

Front 36

spinal cavity

Back 36

Space within the spinal column (backbones) and containing the spinal cord. Also called the spinal canal.

Front 37

thoracic cavity

Back 37

Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs.

Front 38

ventral (anterior)

Back 38

Pertaining to the front.

Front 39

hypochondriac

Back 39

(Abdominopelvic Regions)

Upper right and left regions beneath the ribs

Front 40

epigastric

Back 40

(Abdominopelvic Regions)

Upper middle regions above the stomach

Front 41

lumbar

Back 41

(Abdominopelvic Regions)

Middle right and left regions near the waist

Front 42

umbilical

Back 42

(Abdominopelvic Regions)

Central region near the navel

Front 43

inguinal

Back 43

(Abdominopelvic Regions)

Lower right and left regions near the groin. Also called the iliac regions.

Front 44

hypogastric

Back 44

(Abdominopelvic Regions)

Lower middle region below the umbilical region

Front 45

RUQ

Back 45

(Abdominopelvic Quadrants)

Right upper quadrant

Front 46

LUQ

Back 46

(Abdominopelvic Quadrants)

Left upper quadrant

Front 47

RLQ

Back 47

(Abdominopelvic Quadrants)

Right lower quadrant

Front 48

LLQ

Back 48

(Abdominopelvic Quadrants)

Left lower quadrant

Front 49

cervical

Back 49

(Divisions Of The Back)

Neck region (C1-C7)

Front 50

thoracic

Back 50

(Divisions Of The Back)

Chest region (T1-T12)

Front 51

lumbar

Back 51

(Divisions Of The Back)

Loin (waist) region (L1-L5)

Front 52

sacral

Back 52

(Divisions Of The Back)

Region of the sacrum (S1-S5)

Front 53

coccygeal

Back 53

(Divisions Of The Back)

Region of the coccyx (tailbone)

Front 54

vertebra

Back 54

A single backbone

Front 55

vertebrae

Back 55

Backbones

Front 56

spinal column

Back 56

Bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity.

Front 57

spinal cord

Back 57

Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity.

Front 58

disk (disc)

Back 58

A pad of cartilage between vertebrae.

Front 59

deep

Back 59

Away from the surface.

Front 60

distal

Back 60

Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure.

Front 61

frontal (coronal) plane

Back 61

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions.

Front 62

inferior (caudal)

Back 62

Below another structure.

Front 63

lateral

Back 63

Pertainng to the side

Front 64

medial

Back 64

Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body.

Front 65

posterior (dorsal)

Back 65

Back side of the body

Front 66

prone

Back 66

Lying on the belly (face down, palm down)

Front 67

proximal

Back 67

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning or a structure.

Front 68

sagittal (laterial) plane

Back 68

Lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides. From the Latin sagitta, meaning arrow. As an arrow is shot from a bow it enters the body in the sagittal plane, dividing right from left. The MIDSAGITTAL PLANE divides the body into right and left halves.

Front 69

superficial

Back 69

On the surface

Front 70

superior (cephalic)

Back 70

Above another structure.

Front 71

supine

Back 71

Lying on the back (face up, palm up).

Front 72

transverse (cross-sectional or axial) plane

Back 72

Horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions.

Front 73

abdomin/o

Back 73

abdomen

(region below the chest containing internal organs)

Front 74

adip/o

Back 74

fat

Front 75

anter/o

Back 75

front

Front 76

bol/o

Back 76

to cast (throw)

Front 77

cervic/o

Back 77

neck (of the body or or the uterus)

Front 78

chondr/o

Back 78

cartilage (type of connective tissue)

Front 79

chrom/o

Back 79

color

Front 80

coccyg/o

Back 80

coccyx (tailbone)

Front 81

crani/o

Back 81

skull

Front 82

cyt/o

Back 82

cell

Front 83

dist/o

Back 83

far, distant

Front 84

dors/o

Back 84

back portion of the body

Front 85

hist/o

Back 85

tissue

Front 86

ili/o

Back 86

ilium (part of the pelvic bone)

Front 87

inguin/o

Back 87

groin

Front 88

kary/o

Back 88

nucleus

Front 89

later/o

Back 89

side

Front 90

lumb/o

Back 90

lower back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis)

Front 91

medi/o

Back 91

middle

Front 92

nucle/o

Back 92

nucleus

Front 93

pelv/o

Back 93

hip, pelvic cavity

Front 94

poster/o

Back 94

back, behind

Front 95

proxim/o

Back 95

nearest

Front 96

sacr/o

Back 96

sacrum

Front 97

sarc/o

Back 97

flesh

Front 98

spin/o

Back 98

spine, backbone

Front 99

thel/o

Back 99

nipple

(This cell, originally identified as covering nipples, lies upon body surfaces, externally and internally--lining cavities and organs)

Front 100

thorac/o

Back 100

chest

Front 101

trache/o

Back 101

trachea, windpipe

Front 102

umbilic/o

Back 102

navel, umbilicus

Front 103

ventr/o

Back 103

belly side of the body

Front 104

vertebr/o

Back 104

vertebrae, backbones

Front 105

viscer/o

Back 105

internal organs

Front 106

ana-

Back 106

up

Front 107

cata-

Back 107

down

Front 108

epi-

Back 108

above

Front 109

hypo-

Back 109

below

Front 110

inter-

Back 110

between

Front 111

meta-

Back 111

change

Front 112

-eal

Back 112

pertaining to

Front 113

-iac

Back 113

pertaining to

Front 114

-ior

Back 114

pertaining to

Front 115

-ism

Back 115

process

Front 116

-ose

Back 116

pertaining to, full of

Front 117

-plasm

Back 117

formation

Front 118

-somes

Back 118

bodies

Front 119

-type

Back 119

picture, classification