Ch.9: Environmental Influences On Behavior

Front 1

the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.

Back 1

culture

Front 2

an understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe “proper” behavior.

Back 2

norm

Front 3

the buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies.

Back 3

personal space

Front 4

giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.

Back 4

individualism

Front 5

giving priority to group goals (often those of the extended family or work group) and defining one’s identity accordingly.

Back 5

collectivism

Front 6

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy someone.

Back 6

aggression

Front 7

the sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one. An X chromosome from each parent produces a female child.

Back 7

X chromosome

Front 8

the sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child.

Back 8

Y chromosome

Front 9

the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.

Back 9

testosterone

Front 10

a set of explanations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.

Back 10

role

Front 11

a set of expected behaviors for males or for females.

Back 11

gender role

Front 12

our sense of being male or female.

Back 12

gender identity

Front 13

the acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.

Back 13

gender-typing

Front 14

the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.

Back 14

social learning theory