Ch.8 Joints

Front 1

Sites where 2 or more bones meet are called?

Back 1

Articulations/joints

Front 2

What are the 2 functions of joints?

Back 2

1. secure bones together
2. allow rigid skeleton to move

Front 3

How are joints classified?

Back 3

1. what type of material is the joint made of
2. how much joint movement is allowed

Front 4

what is the one body in the body that doesn't articulate with any other bone?

Back 4

hyoid bone

Front 5

What are some chracteristics of fibrous joints?

Back 5

1. no joint cavity present
2. bones joined by fibrous tissue
3. most are synathrotic

Front 6

immovable joints are called _
slightly moveable joints_
freely moveable joints _

Back 6

synarthroses
amphiarthroses
diathroses

Front 7

rigid fibrous joints found in the bones of the cranium.

Back 7

sutures

Front 8

bones connected by fibrous tissue made of ligaments or interosseous membrane. movement increases witht the length of the connecting fibers

Back 8

syndesmoses

ex. tibia/fibula
radius/ulna

Front 9

peiodontal ligament made of fibrous tissse that holds teeth in their sockets

Back 9

gomphoses

Front 10

give some characteristics of cartilaginous joints

Back 10

1. articulating bones united by cartilage
2. no joint cavity

Front 11

type of cartilaginous joint that unites bones with a bar or plate of hyaline cartilage

Back 11

synchondroses
ex. ephyseal plates, joint btwn 1st rib and manubrium

Front 12

cartilaginous joint where outside surfaces on bones are covered with articular hyaline cartilage.

Back 12

symphyses

Front 13

articular hyaline cartilage is fused to a pad of _ on bone surfaces. this material permits little movement

Back 13

fibrocartilage

Front 14

Give some characteristics of synovial joints

Back 14

1. articular cartilage covers the opposing bone surfaces
2. joint cavity present
3.articular capsule present-covers all surfaces except hyaline covered areas
4. synovial fluid present-provides a slippery weight beraing film that reduces friction
5. joints reinforced and strenghtened by a number of reinforcing ligaments

Front 15

the _ _ sepeate and improve the articulating bone ends making the joint more stable
found in the knee, jaw and sternoclavicular joints

Back 15

articular discs

Front 16

Not a part of synovial joints but frequently associated with them.

Back 16

Bursae and Tendon Sheaths

Front 17

Flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane containing a thin film of synovial fluid. Common in sites where muscle, skin, or ligaments rub against bone

Back 17

Bursae

Front 18

Elongated bursae that wrap completely around a tendon subjected to friction

Back 18

Tendon sheaths

Front 19

Why must joints be stabilized?

Back 19

so that they don't dislocate

Front 20

the stability of synovial joints depends on what 3 factors?

Back 20

1. shape of articular surface-determines wha movements are possible.

2. the # and positioning of ligaments

3. muscle tone-tendons are kept taut at all times by the tone of the muscles

Front 21

Where is muscle tone especially important and why?

Back 21

Muscle tone is extremely important in knee and shoulder joints. These areas have ligaments and tendons which allo bending movement.

Front 22

What are the 3 catagories of range of motion allowed by synovial joints?

Back 22

1. nonaxial-slipping motion only
2. uniaxial - movement in 1 plane
3. multiaxial-movment in or around all 3 planes of spaces or axes

Front 23

How many general types of meovements do synovial joints allow?

Back 23

3

Front 24

What type of meovment is allowed by between intercarpal/tarsal bones, intervertebral, or sternoclavicular joints?

Back 24

gliding

Front 25

what type of movement of synovial joints is defined as a change of angle between 2 bones?

Back 25

angular

Front 26

what angle movment is defined as a:
1. reduce angle
2. increase angle
3. move latterally
4. move medially
5. movement of the distal end of a limb-entire limb moves like a cone

Back 26

1. flexion
2. extension
3. abduction
4. adduction
5. circumduction

Front 27

What synovial joint movement describes the turning movement of a bone around its own long axis?

Back 27

rotation

Front 28

what is the only movement allowed by te atlas-axis joint called?

Back 28

rotation

Front 29

what movement is common at the hip and shoulder joints?

Back 29

rotation

Front 30

Ligmanents reinforcing a joint that is stretched or torn is called?

Back 30

sprain

Front 31

where are the common areas for a sprain to occur?

Back 31

lumbar regions of the spine, ankle and the knee.

Front 32

Partially torn ligaments will repair themselves, T or F ?

Back 32

True

Front 33

How must completely ruptures ligaments be repaired and why?

Back 33

they must be repaired surgically and quickly because the inflammatory response will turn the injured ligament to mush.

Front 34

What causes cartilage injuries?

Back 34

tearing of the cartilage is due to high pressure and twisitng motions occuring simultaneously

Front 35

What can cartilage rarely repair itself?

Back 35

because it is avascular

Front 36

What can damaged cartilage framents do if not removed surgically?

Back 36

the fragments can interfere with joint function by causing locking or binding of the joint

Front 37

this occurs when bones are forced out of their normal positions at a joint.

Back 37

dislocation

Front 38

what type of injury is the most common sports injury?

Back 38

dislocation

Front 39

how is a disclocation treated?

Back 39

bones out of position must be reduced, or put back into correct position

Front 40

inflamation of a bursa caused n=by excessive stress or friction is called?

Back 40

bursitis

Front 41

what are common ways a bursistis injury occurs?

Back 41

falling on your knee ( housemaids knee or water on the knee), prolonged leaning on the elbow (students elbow), or bacterial infection

Front 42

Inflamation of the tendon sheaths is called?

Back 42

Tendonitis