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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Photoautotrophs |
Photosynthetic autotrophs |
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Anaerobic |
Occurring in the absence of oxygen |
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Aerobic |
Involving or occurring in the presence of oxygen |
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Aerobic respiration |
Oxygen requiring pathway that breaks down carbohydrates to produce ATP |
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Fermentation |
An anaerobic pathway by which cells harvest energy from carbohydrates to produce ATP |
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Glycolysis |
Set of reactions in which glucose or another sugar is broken down to two pyruvate for a net yield of two ATP; two NADH form as well |
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Pyruvate |
Three-carbon end product of glycolysis |
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Substrate-level phosphorylation |
A reaction that transfers a phosphate group from a substrate directly to ADP thus forming ATP |
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Krebs cycle |
Cyclic pathway that, along with acetyl-CoA formation, breaks down pyruvate to carbon dioxide |
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1st stage of aerobic respiration |
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. Enzyme convert a glucose molecule to 2 pyruvate for a net yield of 2 ATP. 2 NAD+ combine with electrons and hydrogen ions during the reactions so 2 NADH also form |
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2nd Stage |
Occurs in the mitochondria. The 2 pyruvate are converted to a molecule that enters the Kreb cycle. CO2 forms and leaves the cell. 2 ATP,8 NADH, and 2 FADH2 form during the reactions |
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3rd and final stage |
Electron transfer phosphorylation, occurs inside the mitochondria. 10 NADH and 2 FADH2 give up electrons and hydrogen ions to electron transfer chains. Electron flow through the chains set up hydrogen ion gradients that drive ATP formation. Oxygen across electrons at the end of the chains |
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Alcoholic fermentation |
Anaerobic carbohydrate breakdown pathway that produces ATP and ethanol. Begins with glycolysis; end reactions regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue |
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Lactate fermentation |
Anaerobic carbohydrate breakdown pathway that produces ATP and lactate |
