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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
state the cell theory
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-all living things are made
of cells -cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things -new cells are reproduced existing cells |
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what are the two catagories that scientists divide cells into?
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eukaryote and prokaryote
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cell
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the basic unit of life
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cell membrane
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allows stuff to come in and out of the cell
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cell wall
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only in cell plants, protects and helps keep the shape of cells
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nucleus
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contains genetic material and controls the cells activities
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the material inside the cell membrane-but not the nucleus
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cytoplasm
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prokaryote
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cell w/out a nucleus
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eukaryote
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cell w/ a nucleus
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organelle
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dozens of specialized structures that perform important cellular functions
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who was the first person to look at a cell?
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Anton Van Leeuwnhook
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robert hook
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the first person to use a light microscope..looked at dead cork.
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who was matthias schleiden and what did he conclude?
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a german botanist and he concluded that all plants are made of cells.
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concluded that all animals are made of cells
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theodor schwann
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rudolf virchow
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concluded that all cells come from preexisting cells
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who were the three scientists that came up with cell theory?
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schleide, schwann, virchow
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what is the main function of a cell wall?
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tp provide support and protection for the cell
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what does the nucleus do?
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controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary info of DNA
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what does the cytoskeleton do and what does it contain?
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a network of protein filaments that help that cell maintain its shape, also involved in many forms of cell movement.
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what does the endplasmic reticulum do?
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components of the cell membrane are assembled and proteins are modefied.
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what does the golgi apparatus do?
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attaches carbohydrates and lipids to proteins
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what does chloroplast do?
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uses energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules, a process known as photosynthesis.
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what does mitochondria do?
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uses energy from food to make high-energy compounds that the cell can use to power growth , development, and movement.
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granular material within the nucleus
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chromatin
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chromosomes
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threadlike structures that contain DNA that passed down from one generation to another generation of cells
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nucleolus
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a small dense regionin the nucleus
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nuclear envelope
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a double membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus,
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nuclear pores
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a;; material to movein and out of the nucleus
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microtubules
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hollow tubes of protein about 25 nanometers in diameter, maintain cell shape and can also serve as tracks along whic organelles are moved
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microfilaments
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long thin fibers that function in the movement and support of the cell.
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lipid bilayer
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the core of nearly all cell membranes is a double layered sheet
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concentration
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the concentration of a solution is a mass of solute in a given volume of solution or mass/volume
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diffusion
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when molecules move from an area where they are more concentated of the solute has reached equilibrium
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what does diffusion cause?
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many substances to move across a cell membrane but does not require it to use energy.
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selectivly permiable
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some substances can pass across them and others cant
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what is osmosis?
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the diffusion of water through selectively permeable membrane.
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isotonic
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regular to regualr..stays the same
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hypotonic
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regular to bigger
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hypertonic
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regualr to smaller
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facilitated diffusion
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when large molecules that cant cross the cell membranes lipid bilayer directly move through protein channels instaed
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active transport
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when a material moves from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
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endocytosis
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the process of taking material into the cell by means of infolding or pockets of the cell membrane
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phagocytosis
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when large particals are taken in to the cell by endocytosis...extensions of cytoplasm engulf large particles.
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exocytosis
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the removal of large amounts of material froma cell
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cell specialization
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seperate roles for each type of cell
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cells in multicellular organisms are specialized to perform what?
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particular functions within the organism
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what are the levels of organization in multicellular organism
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cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
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tissue
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similar cells that perform particular functions
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groups of tissues that work together
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organs
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organ system
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a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
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