Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
cognition
|
the mental activities involved in acquring, retaining, and using knowledge.
|
|
|
Thinking
|
The manipulation of mental representations of information in order to draw inferences and conclusions.
|
|
|
mental image
|
a mental representation of objects or events that are not physically present.
|
|
|
concept
|
a mental category of objects or ideas based on properties they share.
|
|
|
formal concept
|
a mental category that is formed as a result of everyday experiences.
|
|
|
natural concept
|
a mental category that is formed as a result of everyday experience.
|
|
|
prototype
|
the most typical instance of a particular concept
|
|
|
exemplars
|
individual instances of a concept or category, held in memory.
|
|
|
problem solving
|
thinking and behavior directed toward attaining a goal that is not readily available.
|
|
|
trial and error
|
a problem solving strategy that involves attempting different solutions and eliminating those that do not work.
|
|
|
algortihm
|
a problem solving strategy that involves following a specific rule, procedure, or method that inevitably produces the correct solution.
|
|
|
heuristic
|
a problem solding strategy that involves following a general rule of thumb to reduce the number of possible solutions.
|
|
|
insight
|
the sudden ralization of how a problem can be solved.
|
|
|
intuition
|
coming to a conclusion or making a judgement without conscious awareness of the thought processes invoved.
|
|
|
functional fixedness
|
the tendency to view objects as functioning only in their usual or customary way
|
|
|
mental set
|
the tendency to persist in solving problems with solutions that have worked in the past.
|
|
|
availability heuristic
|
A strategy in which the likelihood of an event is estimated on the basis of how readily available other instances of the event are in memory.
|
|
|
Representation heuristic
|
a strategy in which the likelihood of an event is estimated by comparing how similar it is to the prototype of the event.
|
|
|
language
|
a system for combining arbitrarty symbols to produce an infinite number of meaningful statements.
|
|
|
linguistic relativity hypothesis
|
the hypo that differences among languages cause differences in the thoughts of their speakers.
|
|
|
animal cognition
|
the study of animal learning, memory, thinking, and language; also called comparitive cognition.
|
|
|
intelligence
|
the global capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and deal effectively with the environment.
|
|
|
mental age
|
a measurement of intelligence in which an individuals mental level is expressed in terms of the average abilities of a given age group.
|
|
|
IQ
|
a measure of general inteligence derived by comparing an individuals score with the scores of others in the same age group.
|
|
|
achievement test
|
a test designed to measure a persons level of knowledge, skill, or accomplishment in a particular area
|
|
|
aptitude test
|
a test designed to assess a persons capacity to benefit from education or training.
|
|
|
standardization
|
the administration of a test to a large, representative sample of people under uniform conditions for the purpose of establishing norms.
|
|
|
normal bell curve
|
a bell shaped distribution of individual differences in a normal population in which most scores cluster around the average score.
|
|
|
reliability
|
the ability of a test to produce consistent results when administered on repeated occasions under simular conditions.
|
|
|
validity
|
the ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure.
|
|
|
g factor
|
the notion of a general intelligence factor that is responsible for a persons overall performance on test of mental ability.
|
|
|
triarchic theory of intelligence
|
sternbergs theory that there are three distinct forms of intelligence: Analytic, creative, and practical
|
|
|
heritability
|
the percentage of variation within a given population that is due to heredity
|
