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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anxiety vs fear |
anxiety: general feeling of apprehension about possible FUTURE danger fear: an alarm reaction that occurs in response to IMMEDIATE danger |
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% of US pop who has experienced an anxiety disorder in their lives most common in who? |
29% women. second most common in men |
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anxiety & fear both have 3 types of components |
1. cognitive 2. behavioral 3. physiological components |
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-is anxiety adaptive? -is anxiety innate? (are we born with it) |
-yes in mild and moderate degrees, but maladaptive in chronic/severe cases -no, it can be, but sources of fear on anxiety can be learned (ex. car pulling up on driveway==abusive dad home=sound of car will cause anxiety {classical condition}) |
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what are anxiety disorders characterized by? adn what are the 4 anxiety disorders? |
-characterized by unrealistic, irrational fears or anxieties taht cause significant distress an/or impairment in function 1.specific phobia 2.social anxiety disorder 3.agoraphobia 4.generalized anxiety disorder |
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3 charact. of specific phobias |
1. present if person shows strong and persistent fear that is triggered by presence of a specific object or situation adj leads to significant distress and/or impairment of ability to function 2. experience anxiety if they anticipate they may encounter a phobic object or situation 3. go to great lengths to avoid object/situation (ex. reject job offer cause need elevator and afraid of elevators) |
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what 2 things can reinforce phobias? |
1. when the feared situation is avoided 2. sympathy and attention of others |
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lifetime prevalence of specific phobias |
12% pretty common |
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how is development of phobias a result of classical conditioning? |
neutral stimuli is paired with traumatic or painful event, eventually neutral stimuli can elicit fear response |
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def, vicarious conditioning |
watching a person have a phobic response to a stimuli can elicit a phobic rxn in person watching |
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2 treatments for specific phobias |
1. exposure therapy *most effective* -exposure therapy: controlled and gradual exposure to stimuli 2.participant modeling: similar to ET. watch someone else touch the spider for example some small phobias; one long session (3hrs) is enough |
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def, social phobia and which is the most common? |
disabling fears of one or more specific social situations(speech, eating in public, parties), but person endures being in the feared situation they fear scrutiny or being judged
public speaking is the most common |
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social phobia -lifetime prevalence -more common in? |
-12% -women (60%) |
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social phobia learned or innate? |
learned. usually caused by instances in which person, or someone they saw, went thru social defeat or humiliation |
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3 treatments for social phobia |
1. exposure to feared situation 2. cognitive restructuring 3. sometimes meds |
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def. panic attack some symptoms |
-when a persons fear response occurs in absence of any obvious external danger -palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, choking, chest pain, nausea, dizzy, chills, numbness, depersonalization, fear of going crazy, fear of dying |
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to have panic disorder this needs to happen |
occurrence of panic attacks for no reason. must have happened recurrent and unexpected attacks,and must have been persistently concerned about having another or consequences of having another, for at least a month. tend to be short but intense (20-30 mins) |
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def. agoraphobia |
fear of open gathering places like malls, streets, theatres.. may develop from panic attacks due to embarrassment of having one in public avoid physically stimulating situations, and avoid place where PA happened but that leads to more places |
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-lifetime prevalence of panic disorder -who has it more? -likelihood comorbidity? |
-4.7% onset around 20's-40's -2x in women than men -high comorbidity (83%) associated with suicide ideation and attempts |
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3 causal factors for panic disorder |
1. genetics 2. brain: amygdala activates fear network 3. hypersensitive to bodily rxns |
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4 treatments for panic disorder |
1. behavioral: exposure (for someone w agoraphobia) 2. interoceptive exposure: exposure to internal sensations (like running in place) 3. CBT: panic control. learning to breath. reanalyze illogical thoughts, exposure.) 4. medications: but may become dependent on them, and relapse is high when meds end |
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def. generalized anxiety disorder need to be diagnosed? |
chronic, excessive and unreasonable worry about many different aspects of life -must have exp. worry for most days over a 6 month per, and very hard to control -worry must be about variety of events/activities |
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4 characteristics of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) |
1. live in constant fear and worry 2. constantly vigilant for threats in env 3. may call loved ones constantly 4. most common worries: family, work, finances, personal illness |
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-lifetime prevalence of GAD -what age does it disappears? -common in who? |
-5.7% -age 50, but replaced with health concerns -2x women |
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3 causes of GAD |
1. uncontrollable and unpredictable events cause fear and anxiety 2. worrying makes them think event it less likely to happen. also distracts them from deeper emotional topics most likely 3. small genetic contribution: functional defiency in GABA neurotransmitter |
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2 treatments for GAD |
1. meds: more effective take longer to take effect, but better. 2. CBT: cognitive reconstruction, muscle relaxing techniques |
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Obsessions vs Compulsions |
obsessions: persistent and reoccurring thought, images, impulses that are disturbing, inappropriate, uncontrollable. try to resist thru other thoughts compulsions: repetitive behaviors that are performed as lengthy rituals. may also be mental |
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which of these is the most disabling mental disorder? |
OCD |
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diagnosis of OCD requires what? Some common obsessive thought? |
-that obsessions and compulsions take at least 1 hour per day -contamination fears, doubt, symmetry, hurting oneself, sexual obsessions, religion |
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some common compulsions for OCD |
cleaning, checking, repeating, ordering and arranging, counting vary in intensity |
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what does performing a compulsion do for a person with OCD? |
-reduces tension -feeling of satisfaction -sense of control -anxiety relief |
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lifetime prevalence of OCD onset? comorbidity? |
2-3% late adolescence early adulthood yes likely to occur wiht other anxiety disorders/depression |
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3 causes of OCD |
1. moderate genetic heritability 2. abn. high levls of activity in parts of brain 3. neurotransmitter abnormalities |
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treatment for OCD |
1.exposure adn response prevention: most effective. expose then dont let them do ritual 2. medications: drugs that affect seratonin. can relapse. |
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def. body dysmorphic disorder |
obsessed with imagined flaw or flaws in their appearance to the point of feeling deformed |
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body dysmorphic disorder: -how does it impair?
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in social or occupational fnctioning may have obsseisvie checking behaviors may avoid ppl so they wont see flaw |
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def, hoarding disorder |
acquire adn fail to discard many possessions that seem useless, because of emotional attachement living spaces are cluttered and interfere with normal activities= can lead to depression/isolation |
