Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Hyaline Cartilage (definition) |
Provide support and flexibility Chondrocytes are spherical Matrix is fine collagen fibers |
|
|
Hyaline Cartilage (location) |
Articular- ends of bones at movable joints Costal- connect ribs to sternum Respiratory- layrnx and other passageways Nasal- external nose |
|
|
Osteoprogenitor cells |
Found in membranous periosteum and endosteum Flattened and squamous Stem cell, differentiate into osteoblasts or bone lining cells |
|
|
Osteoblasts |
Bone-forming cells that secrete bone matrix Secretes collagen and calcium-binding proteins Play role in matrix calcification |
|
|
Osteoclasts |
Resorbing bone Located at sites of bone resorption |
|
|
Osteocytes |
Monitor and maintain the bone matrix Act as stress or strain sensors and respond to mechanical stimuli Communicate info to osteoblasts or osteoclasts |
|
|
Lacunae |
A small space, cavity, or depression occupied by cells |
|
|
Canaliculi |
Connect the lacunae to each other and to the central canal |
|
|
Volkamann's canals |
Lie at right angles to the long axis of the bone and connect the blood and nerve supply of the medullary cavity to the central canals |
|
|
Red bone marrow (location) |
Found within the trabecular cavities of spongy bone of lone bones (head of femur and humerus) and in the diploe of flat bones (sternum), and some irregular bones like the hip bone |
|
|
Epiphyseal plate |
Place where new cells (chondrocytes) congregate and produce hyaline cartilage |
|
|
Fibrocartilage |
Occurs in sites subjected to both pressure and stretch, ex. menisci of knee and the discs between vertebrae |
|
|
Red bone marrow (function) |
Creation of blood |
|
|
Yellow bone marrow |
Fat, located in medullary cavity in long bone |
|
|
Haversian system |
An elongated cylinder orientated parallel to the long axis of bone Weight bearing pillars |
|
|
Trabeculae |
Internal to spongy bone, a honeycomb of small-needle like or flat pieces spongy bone also called trabecular bone |
|
|
Intramembranous Ossification (bones formed) |
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, and clavicles, and some flat bones |
|
|
Epiphyseal line |
A disc of hyaline cartilage that grows during childhood and lengthens bones |
|
|
Diaphysis |
Forms long axis of bone Constructed of thick collar of compact bone that surrounds central medullary cavity |
|
|
Endosteum |
Covers trabeculae of spongy bone and lines the canals of passageways that pass through compact bone |
|
|
Periosteum |
Covers the external surface of the entire bone except joint surfaces Outer layer- dense irregular connective tissue Inner layer- osteogenic cells |
|
|
Homeostatic imbalance of bones |
Falling blood calcium levels, parathyroid release parathyroid hormone, osteoclasts degrade bone matrix and release Ca+ into blood |
|
|
Fractures (types) |
Nondisplaced/Displaced- alignment Complete/Incomplete- bone broken through Open(compund)/Closed(simple)- penetrate the skin |
|
|
Fractures (process) |
Hematoma forms- blood clots at site Fibrocartilaginous callus forms- splints the bone Bony callus forms- forms until unites bone together Bone remodeling- continues to heal until it looks and reacts like normal bone |
|
|
Hormones and growth |
Growth-stimulus of epiphyseal plate Thyroid- modulates growth hormone Estrogen & Testosterone- induce epiphyseal closure ending bone longitudinal growth |
