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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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trait
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a characteristic determined by a gene(s)
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heredity
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the passing of traits from parent to offspring
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allele
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different forms of gene.Most cells in your body have 2 alleles for every trait
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gene
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the portion of DNA on a chromosome that directs the making of a specific protein, therefore controlling traits
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purebred
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an organism that always produces the same traits in offspring purebred=homozygous
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dominant allele
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the allele that is always expressed(visible)
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recessive allele
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the allele that is only expressed when it is coupled with another recessive allele
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probability
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a mathematical prediction. These predictions are based on the results of many trials, with very large test groups, that produce repeatable results
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punnett square
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a square that helps one predict the outcome of a gene cross.
- dominant and recessive alleles are represented by letters -a CAPITAL letter= the dominant allele -a lower case letter=recessive allele |
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genotype
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the "type of genes" an organism has. the genotype is expressed in letters. EX:HH,Hh,hh
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homozygous
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two alleles for a trait that is identical. Ex:HH, or hh
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heterozygous
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two alleles for a trait that is different. Ex:Hh
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phenotype
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the trait that is SHOWN(its what you see)in an organism as a result of its genotype.
Ex:TT and Tt=tall. tall is the phenotype. |
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incomplete dominance
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when neither allele is completely dominant over the other, and as a result, a phenotype unlike either allele is produced.
EX:red flowers(RR)times white flowers(rr)= pink flowers(Rr)(not like paint!!) -when incomplete dominance is a factor, it is shown in the heterozygous genotype. |
remember:Not like paint!!!
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co-dominance
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when both alleles are expressed equally, and neither allele is dominant over the other.
EX:human blood type(ABO) |
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polygenic
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multiple genes that influence one trait.
EX:eye color, skin color, finger prints,height, hair color,etc... |
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sex determination
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-the chromosomes that determine an organism's sex.
-human eggs only have the sex chromosome X -human sperm can only have either the X chromosome or the Y chromosome. |
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pedigree
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a tool for tracing the occurrence of a trait in a family.
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