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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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remove wastes from the blood to form urine
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kidneys
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approximately ____%-____% of the cardiac output circulates each minute through the kidneys
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20-25
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the functional unit of the kidney, forms the urine
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nephron
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initial site of filtration of the blood and the beginning of urine formation
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glomerulus
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the presence of large proteins in the urine
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proteinuria
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the glomerulus filters approx._______ mL of filtrate per minute
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125
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Not all of the glomerulus filtrate is excreted as urine. approx. _____% is resorbed into the ______, with the remaining ____% excreted as __________
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99
plasma 1 urine |
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What is the normal adult urine output per day?
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1200-1500mL/day (book)
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An output of less than ____mL/hr indicates possible circulatory, blood volume, or renal alterations
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30
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Also responsible for maintaining a normal RBC volume by producing erythroprotein
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the kidneys
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functions within the bone marrow to stimulate RBC production and maturation and prolongs the life of mature RBC's
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erythroprotein
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released from juxtaglomerular cells and functions as an enzyme to convert angiotensinogen into angiotensinogen 1
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renin
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causes vasoconstriction and stimulates aldosterone release from the adrenal cortex
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angiotensinogen 2
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causes retention of water, which increases blood volume
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aldosterone
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tubular structures that enter the urinary bladder
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ureters
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a hollow, distensible, muscular organ that stores and excretes urine
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urinary bladder
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How long is the urethra in women?
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4-6.5cm long
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How long is the urethra in men?
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about 20cm long
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name the 3 sections of the male urethra
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prostatic
membranous penile |
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bladder capacity varies but generally is...
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600-1000mL of urine
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this condition causes loss of voluntary control of urination; but the micturition reflex pathway often remains intact allowing urination to occur without sensation of the need to void
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reflex incontinence
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occurs when a bladder is overly full and bladder pressure exceeds sphincter pressure, resulting in involuntary leakage of urine
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overflow incontinence
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Diseases that cause irreversible damage to the kidney tissue result in...
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ESRD; end stage renal disease
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an increase in nitrogenous wastes in the blood, marked fluid and electrolyte abnormalities, nausea, vomiting, headache, coma and convulsions characterize this syndrome
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uremic syndrome
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an indirect method of cleaning the blood of waste products using osmosis and diffusion, with the peritoneum functioning as a semipermeable membrane
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peritoneal dialysis
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requires a machine equipped with a semipermeable filtering membrane (artificial kidney) that removes accumulated waste products and excess fluids from the blood
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hemodialysis
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awakening to void one or more times a night
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nocturia
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an excessive output of urine
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polyuria
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a urine output that is decreased despite normal intake
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oliguria
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no urine is produced
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anuria
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artificial opening
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stoma
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an accumulation of urine resulting from an inability of the bladder to empty properly
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urinary retention
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bacteria in the urine
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bacteriuria
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bacteria in the bloodstream
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bacteremia or urosepsis
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irritated bladder
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cystitis
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the involuntary leakage of urine that is sufficient to be a problem
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urinary incontinence
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urinary incontinence related to urinary causes such as a UTI us referred to as
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urge incontinence
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incontinence that occurs more often in older women when intraabdominal pressure exceeds urethral resistance; the muscles around the urethra become weak
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stress incontinence
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urinary drainage directly from one or both kidneys, where a tube is placed directly into the renal pelvis
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nephrostomy
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nighttime voiding without awakening
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nocturnal enuresis
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is the weight or degree of concentration of a substance compared with an equal volume of water
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specific gravity
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Lab Value
potassium: K+ |
3.5-5 mEq/L
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Lab Value
Sodium: Na+ |
135-145mEq/L
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Lab Value
Glucose |
70-105mg/100mL
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Lab Value
Calcium: Ca+ |
4.5-5.5 mg/dL
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Lab Value
Chloride: Cl- |
95-105mEq/L
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Lab Value
Magnesium: Mg+ |
1.2-2.5mEq/L
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Lab Value
BUN |
10-20mg/dL
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Lab Value
serum creatinine |
0.6-1.2 mg.dL
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How much fluid intake does someone without heart or kidney disease need daily?
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2200-2700 ml
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