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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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italian who sailed for spain; he tried to establish an all-water route from Europe to India by sailing west
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christopher columbus
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the 3 original ships under the Columbus command on his initial voyage to the new world
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nina, pinta, and santa maria
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a land controlled by another nation
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colony
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portuguese sailor who claimed brazil for portugal
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pedro cabral
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new world continents were named for him; he mapped the eastern coast of south america, and claimed that the newly discovered land was not part of asia, but a "new" world
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amerigo vespucci
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led a spanish fleet in the first attempted circumnavigation of the globe; they sailed around cape horn at the tip of south america and across the pacific ocean
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ferdinand magellan
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spanish conqueror of the aztecs
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hernando cortes
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the spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of he americas in the 16th century
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conquistadors
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leader of the aztec civilization conquered by cortes for spain in 1521
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montezuma II
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conquered the Incan Empire for spain in 1535
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francisco pizarro
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a person of mixed spanish and native american ancestory
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mestizo
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a grant of land made by spain to a settler in the americas including the right to use native americans as laborers on it
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encomienda
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spanish governor of puerto rico; he led a search for a fountain of youth in florida
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juan ponce de leon
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led a spanish search for the Seven Cities of Gold in present-day New Mexico; he found Zunni villages, but no gold
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francisco coronado
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explorer of a river off the eastern coast of canada that he named the St. Lawrence; he later founded montreal
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jacques cartier
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founded the french settlement of Quebec
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samuel de champlain
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colony established at Port Royal and Quebec in north america
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new france
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the first successful English colony in North America
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jamestown
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a group of people who, in 1620, founded the colony of Plymouth in Massachuetts to escape religious persecution in England
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pilgrims
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a group of people who sought freedom from religious persecution in England by founding a colony at Massachuettes Bay in the early 1600s
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puritans
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dutch colony on the hudson river that was conquered by the english and renamed New York in 1664
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new netherlands
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a conflict between Britian and France for control of territory in north america, lasting from 1754 to 1763
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french and indian war
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the buying, transporting, and selling of Africans for work in the Americas
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atlantic slave trade
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the transatlantic trading network along which slaves and other goods were carried between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies and the colonies in America
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triangular trade
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the voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies, and later to north and south america, to be sold as slaves-so called because it was considered the middle leg of the triangular trade
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middle passage
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the global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases that occured during the European colonization of the Americas
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columbian exchange
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the expansion of trade and business that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th centuries
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commercial revolution
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a economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit
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capitalism
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a business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share the profits
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joint-stock company
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an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought
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mercantilism
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an economic situation in which a country sells more goods abroad than it buys from abroad
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favorable balance of trade
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