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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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three types of muscles in the tunica muscularis:
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circular, longitudinal, oblique
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How long do contractions take to mix food?
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3-5 minutes
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process of food being mixed:
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food is mixed, goes to distal end and it's mixed more and pushed back into the stomach, then chyme is produced and moves food to duodenum after covered in chyme
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What is migrating myoelectric complex?
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contracting every 90 minutes to residing gastric content
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epithelial cells produce:
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mucous and bicarbonate to withstand the low acidity of gastric juice
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types of cells in the stomach and their function:
mucosal (goblet) cells parietal cells chief cells |
- produce mucous
-produce HCl and intrinsic factor for vitamin B12 - produce pepsinogen |
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pepsinogen breaks down what in stomach:
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protein
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endocrine cells are:
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D, G, EC cells
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function of D cells
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produce somastatin which inhibit other endocrine cells
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function of EC cells
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produce serotonin for gastric motility and histamine
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function of G cells:
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stimulate acid secretion ans growth of parietal cells
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G cells are mainly found in:
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pyloric antrum
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process of acid secretion:
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parietal cells produce CO2, H20, HCO3-, AND H+
H+ and Cl- is absorbed into the lumen of the stomach making HCl HCO3- is exchanged for Cl- in the blood, increasing the pH of the blood causing an alkalide tide |
parietal cells, alkalide tide
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What are the two parts to gastric secretion?
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nervous secretion
gastric secretion |
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what are the two parts of the secretion stimulated by?
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nervous: smell, sight, taste; carried by vagus n.
gastric: stimulated by food indigestion |
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clinical: how blood pH increases when vomiting
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vomiting prevents gastric H secretion in small intestine ; no stimulus to secrete HCO3- in pancreas so blood becomes alkaline
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clinical: zollinger-Ellison syndrome
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due to gastrinomas secreting excess gastrin by non-beta cells causing hyperacidity which can lead to peptic ulcer disease
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blood supply to the left and right of L.C respectively
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left gastric a.
right gastric a. |
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origins of the left and right gastric a.:
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celiac trunk
common hepatic a. |
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blood supply to the left and right of G.C
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Left gastromental a.
right gastromental a. |
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origins of the left and right gastromental a.
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splenic a.
common hepatic a. |
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G cells produce ___________ for acid secretion:
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gastrin
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venous drainage:
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left and right gastric drained by portal vein
left gastromental v. through the splenic v. but right gastromental v.drains into superior mesenteric v. |
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lymph node drainage:
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gastric lymphs drain into celiac lymphs
some drain into hepatic lymph nodes |
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clinical: vagatomy
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cutting the vagus n.to treat gastric ulcers
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parasympathetic nerves for stomach and their function:
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anterior/posterior gastric n. = latarjet n.
secrete glands contract muscles sensory to gastric refluxes |
3 functions
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parasympathetic n.increase what in digestive tract?
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blood flow
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sympathetic nerves and their function:
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thoracic splanchnic n.
inhibit muscle contraction, contract spinchters |
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What is dumping syndrome and what can cause it?
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when there's rapid emptying of gastric content in the intestines
vagatomy or gastric resection |
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symptoms of dumping syndrome:
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diarrhea, bowel sounds at gas movement, epigastric pain, palpitations, emesis
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5 DBEPE
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what is menetriers disease?
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hypertrophic gastritis
excess mucous production |
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What is hypertrophic pyloric stenosis:
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hypertrophy of circular muscles in pyloric spinchter
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What is the roux-en-Y anastamosis and what reason is it needed?
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connecting jejunum to the stomach; gastric content bypass
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gastritis and it's causes:
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inflammation of mucous
direct infection, direct toxicity, uremia, stress |
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symptoms of gastritis:
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pernicious anemia, vomiting, nausea, pain after eating, heart burn
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surgery method for sliding hiatal hernia:
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fundoplication: fundus is wrapped to the lower portion of the esophagus
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