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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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where does the esophagus start from and what cartilage?
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C6, cricoid cartilage
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esophagus meets the stomach at what and what is the level of it?
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cardia, T10-T11
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the esophageal plexus consists of:
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left and right vagal trunks
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left and right vagal trunks are: (orientation)
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anterior, posterior respectively
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level of esophageal hiatus:
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T10
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the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is between:
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pharynx and esophagus
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function of UES:
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prevents air entering esophagus, prevents gastric acid reflux in pharynx
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muscles that contract UES spinchter:
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inferior pharyngeal constrictor, cricopharyngeas
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muscles that relax UES sphincter:
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thyrohyoid, geniohyoid
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What are three other narrowing and their location?
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bifurcation spinchter- T4
aortic narrowing- esophagus is crossed by arch of aorta diaphragmatic narrowing- esophageal hiatus |
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LES is not an actual spinchter but is located beneath the:
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GE junction
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factors that help the LES use spinchter mechanisms:
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acute angle of esophagus, longitudinal tension of esophagus, thickening of mucous membrane of GE junction, submucosal pad of veins
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process of food to stomach:
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-enters esophagus
-contracts so there's no reflux -perstaltic contractions move food down -LES and orad relax so food goes in the stomach |
4 steps
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How can you notice Zenkers diverticulum?
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out pouching of phayrngeal wall of esophagus
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What can lead to zenkers diverticulum?
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dysphagia, regurgitation of food, coughing, halitosis
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4
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what is achalasia and what causes it?
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failure for LES to relax during swallowing (cardiospasm); decrease of neurons in myenteric plexus
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What can cause achalasia and what disease is it similar to?
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chagas diease: hirschsprungs disease in large intestine
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symptoms of achalasia and a sign of it:
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birds beak sign
retrosternal pain, dysphagia, dilated proximal esophagus, aperistalsis |
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epithelium of esophagus:
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SSNK
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epithelium after cardia:
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simple columnar
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arrangement of esophageal mucous from inner to outer:
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MLMSTA
mucous membrane, lamina propia, muscularis mucousa, submucosa, tunica muscularis, adventitia |
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What is and causes barrets esophagus?
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columnar cell metaplasia ;
acid injury |
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blood supply for upper, middle, and lower esophagus:
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(cervical): IMA
thoracic: 4-5 esophageal arteries abdominal: left gastric artery and left inferior phrenic artery |
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Which two veins anastamose to form the PCA?
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middle and inferior esophageal vein
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What occurs when there's an abnormal connection between the esophagus and trachea and what causes it?
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tracheoesophageal fistula; failure of separation of the two during embryogenesis
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two types of hiatal hernias and which is more common:
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sliding and paraesophageal; sliding is more common and fundus goes into thoracic cavity
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