Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Somatropin |
Ch30 Anterior pitituary Growth hormone Indication : hypopitituary dwarfism, HIV Adv effects : headache, flulike syndrome, hyperglycemia |
|
|
Posterior pitituary |
Ch30 Mimic action of ADH , increase water resorption in distal tubules Prevent or control polydipsia (excessive thirst) ,polyuria(frequent urination) and dehadration in diabetes insipidus due to deficiency of endogenous ADH ●Vasopressin (pitressin): potent vasoconstrictor, for septic shock, pulseless cardiac arrest, stop bleeding of esophageal varices Nasal spray applied topically to nasal membranes, cannot be inhaled , IV or IM ●Desmopressin (DDAVP): diseases with coagulation problems/bleeding disorder, management of nocturnal euresis
Adv effects : headache, hypertension, uterine cramping, nasal irritation |
|
|
Desmopressin |
30 |
|
|
Thyroid replacement |
31 Levothyroxine: for hypothyroidism increase TSH, decrease T3&T4 Take medication same time in morning to reduce insomnia Adv effects: monitor for signs of hyperthyroidism such as, tachycardia, palpitations, hypertension, insomnia, tremors, weigh loss, sweating, heat intolerance |
|
|
Antithyroid |
31 for hyperthyroidism -decreased TSH increase T3&T4 ●Propylthiouracil (PTU): may take 2 weeks to improve symptoms Adv effects: monitor for symptoms of hypothyroidism such as weakness, muscle cramp, dry skin, hair loss, bradycardia, weigh gain, intolerance to cold ●iodine 131: destroys the thyroid gland, also used in thyroid cancer Adv effects : liver and bone marrow toxicity *better with foods, given at same time to maintain consistent blood levels, never stop abruptly, avoid foods high in iodine (seafood, soy sauce, tofu,iodized salt ) |
|
|
Iodine-131 |
31 |
|
|
Insulins |
32 substitute for endogenous hormone, restores ability to metabbolize carbs, fats,and protein, store glucose in liver,convert glycogen to fat stores ●Rapid acting insulin lispro (humalog) : for type 1 and 2 Onset: 5-10min Duration : 3-5hrs Must eat meal after injection SQ not IV ●short acting Regular insulin (humulin R) : IV or SQ Onset- 30-60 min Duration -6-10hrs ●intermediate acting Insulin isophane suspension (NPH): cloudy appearance ,often combinedwith regular insulin Onset- 1-2hrs Duration - 10-18 hrs ●long acting Insulin glargine (lantus): clear colorless solution, constant level of insulin in the body, can de dosed every 12 hrs Onset- 1-2hrs Duration -24 hrs *adv effect : hypoglycemia *glycemic goal: HbA1C less than 7% Fasting blood glucose of 70-130 mg/dL |
|
|
Regular insulin |
32 |
|
|
Insulin isophane suspension |
32 |
|
|
Insulin glargine (lantus) |
32 |
|
|
Glipizide |
32 |
|
|
Oral antidiabetic |
32 ●Metformin(Glucophage) : first line and most common oral drug used for type 2 MOA: decrease production of glucose by the liver Adv effects : GI such as bloating, nausea,cramping, feeling of fulness,diarrhea, metalic taste Contra: renal disease, alcoholism, heart failure
●Glipizide(Glucotrol): oldest, second generation MOA: work best during early stages , bind to specific beta cells to stimulate release of insulin Adv effects: hypoglycemia, weigh gain ,skin rash
|
|
|
Mineralocorticoid |
33 Fludrocortisone: used as partial replacement therapy for adrenocortical insufficiency in addisons's disease Adv effects : water retention, heart failure, hypertension, intracerebral pressure |
|
|
Glucocorticoids |
33 ●Prednisone: most common oral gluco for antiflammatory or immunosuppressant purposes, also exacerbations of chronic respiratory illness, adrenocortical deficiency, cerebral edema, endocrine disorders, ulcerative colitis Contra: gastritis, reflux disease, peptic ulcer, diabetes, renal, cardiac Adv effects : psychosis, adrenal supression, infections, myopathy, osteoporosis, alter serum glucose and electrolyte levels (hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, hypernatremia ) Interactions : non potassium sparing diuretics, aspirin, NSAIDS *long term asses for Cushing 's syndrome "moon face " *dont stop abruptly
●Methylprednisolone : most common injectable gluco |
|
|
Methylprednisolone |
33 |
|
|
Finasteride (Proscar) |
35 5-alpha reductase inhibitors for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) it inhibits the metabolism of testosterone which promote shrinkage of prostate and helps restore urinary function Contraidication : pregnant and children , alpha1 adrenergic drug, drugs with anticholinergics effects,testosterone Adv effects : hypotension, reduced libido,dizziness ,hair growth, ejaculatory dysfunction |
|
|
Sildenafil (Viagra) |
35 phosphodiesterase (PDE)-5 inhibitor for erectile dysfunction MOA: relaxes smooth muscle thus allowing increased blood flow to the penis. Onset is rapid less than 1hr up to 4hrs Adv effects : hypotension(in patients taking nitrates can result in MI) headache, flushing, dyspepsia |
|
|
Testosterone |
35 Androgen -male sex hormones Responsible for maturation of sex organs, and secondary sex characteristics of men *for delayed puberty and hypogonadism Adv effects : increased or dicreased libido, salt and water retention causing edema , acne, liver damage with high doses * avoid application sites in men using gel, could cause supression of menstruation, ovulation |
|
|
Antihistamines |
36 ●Diphenhydramine(benadryl ) traditional: Cholinergic antagonist, H1 receptor antagonist for symptoms of allergies,hay fever, common cold, topically for rashes Other uses: Parkinson, insomnia, motion sickness Adv effects : drowsiness, dry mouth, tachycardia, urinary retention, constipation Contra : BPH, narrow angle glaucoma, cardiac disease, hypertension, asthma, pregnancy ●Loratadine (Claritin)non sedative: for symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis, hay fever, urticaria Taken once a day |
|
|
Diphenhydramine |
36 |
|
|
Decongestants |
36 nasal congestion is due to inflamed and swollen nasal mucosa ●Afrin: sympathomimetic that constricts arterioles in nasal passageway, thus drying the mucus membranes Adv effects : rebound congestion if used for longer than 3-5days, minor stinging, dryness of nasal mucosa Contra: narrow angle glaucoma, thyroid, heart disease, BPH ,diabetes *avoid caffeine, report fever longer than 1 week |
|
|
Codeine |
36 |
|
|
Antitussives |
36 drugs to stop or reduce non productive (dry) coughs ●Codeine: opioid MOA: analgesia, drying effect on the mucuso, increased viscosity of secretions, reduction of runny nosd and postnasal drip Adv effects : sedation, nausea, lightheaded, constipation
●Dextromethorphan: non opioid, no CNS depression, no analgesic properties Adv effects : dizziness, drowsiness, nausea *report coughs that last more than 1 week, persistent headache, fever, rash |
|
|
Expectorant |
36 aid in removal of mucus ●Guaifenesin: MOA: reflex stimulation, thins mucus in respiratory tract so is easier to remove. For relief of productive cough, tendency to cough Adv effects : may cause nausea, vomiting, gatric irritation *receive more fluids to help loosen and liquefy secretions *caution in older adults and patients with asthma |
|
|
Bronchodilators |
37 relax bronchial smooth muscle which dilates the bronchi and bronchioles ●Albuterol (proventil) : short acting beta2 adrenergic agonist used to relieve bronchospasm of asthma Onset:5-10min inhalation *rescue drug Adv effects : palpitations, tremors, nervousness, restlessness, tachycardia, hypertension and hypotension
●Salmeterol(serevent diskus): long acting beta 2 agonist used for maintenance treatment of asthma and COPD. Adv effects : hypersensitivity, headache, hypertension, neuromuscular and skeletal pain *powder inhalation *twice a day *use with inhaled corticosteroid |
|
|
Salmeterol |
37 |
|
|
Ipratropium (Atrovent) |
37 Anticholinergics ,prevents bronchoconstriction, airways dilate, by blocking Ach at its receptor site Contra: allergies to atropine Adv effects : dry mouth, nasal congestion, palpitations, GI distress *inhaler or intranasal |
|
|
Theophylline |
37 Xanthine derivatives MOA: increase levels of energy-producing cAMP which contribute to smooth mucle relaxation, bronchodilation, and increased airflow, increase cardiac output and blood flow to kidneys Adv effects : nausea,vomiting, anorexia, sinus tachycardia, ventricular dysrhythmia *therapeutic range: blood level between 5-15 mcg/mL *avoid caffeine |
|
|
Montelukast |
37 Anti - inflammatory for asthma prophylaxis and long term treatment MOA: prevents airway edema and inflammation by blocking leukotriene receptor in the airway Adv effects : headache, nausea, diarrhea Most used, improvement seen in about 1 week |
|
|
Fluticasone propionate(Flonase) |
37 Corticosteroid for prevention of severe asthma attacks, short-term therapy. Also available in combination with Salmetrol Inhaled anti inflammatory drug to decrease frequency of asthma attacks, nasal spray forallergic rhinitis Adv effects : dry mouth, pharyngeal irritation, coughing, oral fungal infection. Long term - growth inhibition in children, thrush **rinse mouth and gargle after each oral inhalation |
|
|
Ortho Novum |
34 Combination contraceptive-estradiol and norethindrone FSH and LH are inhibited, thus preventing ovulation Begins on day5 of menstrual cycle and continues for 21 days, 7 days placebo Adv effects : nausea, breast tenderness, weight gain, breakthrough bleeding, HTN, thromboembolic disorder Contraidication : thromboembolic disorder, abnormal uterine bleeding, smoking, stroke, pregnancy Long term use increase risk of breast and cervical cancer ●Levenorgesterol (plan B) : emergency contraceptive Should be taken within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse with a follow up dose 12 hrs after the first dose |
|
|
Levenorgesterol (plan B) |
34 |
|
|
Progestins |
34 Drug of choice for treating functional uterine bleeding caused by hormone imbalance, fibroids, or uterine cancer Adv effects : liver dysfunction, thromboembolic disorders such as a pulmonary embolism |
|
|
Alendronate (Fosamax) |
34 Bisphosonates for osteoporosis - inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone reabsorption, which enhances bone mineral density Adv effects : headache, GI upset, and joint pain, risk for esophageal burns if lodged in tthe esophagus before reaching the stomach *take with full glass of water and must remain sitting upright or standing for 30 minutes *bone/muscle joint pain and low energy fractures when taking it for long time |
|
|
Clomiphene (Clomid) |
34 ovulation stimulant MOA: blocks estrogen receptors in the utetus and brain,results in false signal of low estrogen. Increase of Gn-RH from hypothalamus and FSH &LH ftom pitituary, which stimulate maturation of ovarian follicles. Leads to ovulation》conception Adv effects : tachycardia, DVT, dizziness, blurred vision, multiple pregnancies |
|
|
Premarin |
34 Conjugated estrogen Used to treat moderate to severe symptoms of menopause. Treats hot flashes Adv effects : nausea, hypertension, fluid retention, breast tenderness, breakthrough bleeding, facial skin discoloration Contra : pregnant women, carcinoma of breast or other estrogen dependent tumor, thromboembolic |
|
|
Oxytocin |
34 Vasopressive and antidiuretic properties Stimulate uterine contractions and induce labor at or near full term gestation. Also promotes movement of milk from mammary glands to the nipples Adv effects : hypertension, vaginitis, nausea,dizziness, joint swelling, fluid retention
|
