Ch.3 Glossary

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Erasmo Hinojosa Sáenz

A01039959

HERTZ

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Unit for frequency of the SI. It measures the repetition of a phenomena whit a period of one second.

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FREQUENCY

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Number of cycles per second.

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ECHOLOCATION

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Location of objects through the reflection of sounds. It is used by some animal species.

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INFRASOUND

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Sound with a lower frequency than the minimum possible heard by humans.

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ULTRASOUND

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Sound with higher frequency than the superior limit heard by humans.

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SOUND

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Sensation produced by the hearing organ by vibrational movement of the body, transmitted by elastic means.

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ELASTICITY

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Property of a body to recover its shape after being deformed.

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ACOUSTICTS

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Branch of Physics that studies the sound production, transmission, storing, perception, and reproduction.

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TRANSDUCER

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Equipment that transforms a type of energy into another one. Can be a recipient or a generator.

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TUNING FORK

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Steel in form of a hook. When hitted, presents a 435 vibrations per second. It is used to regulate voice and instruments.

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COMPRESSION

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Effort an object feels when two opposing forces act over it, decreasing the object's volumes.

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RAREFACTION

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Making a gas less dense.

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CYCLE

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A complete sequence of periodic vibration, from rarefaction to compression.

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PERIOD

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Period of time that happens in a cycle.

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SOUND WAVE FREQUENCY

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Number of cycles per second for a sound wave.

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WAVELENGTH

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Distance that the sound goes over a complete cycle.

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AMPLITUDE

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Distance between a balance point and the highest wave point.

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TONE

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Measurement of frequency but in a subjective way, instead of a physical one.

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DECIBEL

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Unit that compares the minimum that the human can hear against any measured level desired.

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ABSORPTION

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Process in which sound is absorbed after crashing into an object.

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REFLECTION

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Acoustic energy that changes direction when it crashes an object.

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REFRACTION

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Change of sound direction when changing of mean.

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BITRATE

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Bits transmitted per unit of time.

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​ CODEC

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Software that compresses and decompresses videos and audios without interfering in the playing speed.

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WRAPPERS

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Way of organizing digital audio information that is not part of the sound. It can use different codecs.

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WAV

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(Wave) Most used audio format without compression. Belongs to Microsoft/IBM.

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AIFF

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(Audio Interchange File Format) Audio format used in Apple.

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CDA

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(Red Book Audio Standard) Industrial standard used to encode the audio of compact (CDs).

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MP3

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(MPG-1, Audio Layer 3) One of the first audio formats with large compressions without much data loss.

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AAC

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(Advance Audio Coding) Used in Apple. High levels of compressions without quality loss.

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MIDI

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Communication protocol that lets instruments, synthesizers, computers, and other devices communicate.

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AUDACITY

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Software for editing audio.

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GARAGE BAND

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Audio editing software native of Apple.

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MONAURAL SOUND

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(Mono) Audio stored in one channel. It lacks of spatial sensations.

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STEREOPHONIC SOUND

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(Stereo) Audio stored in two channels, reproduced in different loudspeakers, simulating the sensation of listening on one single side.

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SURROUND SOUND

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Stores information in more channels. There are versions of 3.1, 5.1, 10.2, 12.2, and 22.2.

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STREAMING

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Reproduction of video and audio files without the need of downloading them. Fragments are sent in sequence through a net.