Ch.3 A&p

Front 1

cytology:

Back 1

the scientific study of cells, was born in 1663 when Robert Hooke observed the empty cell walls of cork and coined the word cellulae to describe them

Front 2

protoplasm:

Back 2

fluid Hooke saw in living cells when he later examined slices of fresh wood

Front 3

Who concluded that all animals are made of cells?

Back 3

Theodor Schwann

Front 4

spontaneous generation:

Back 4

is the idea that living things arise from nonliving matter

Front 5

who discredited spontaneous generation?

Back 5

Louis Pasteur

Front 6

Cell theory:

Back 6

all physiological processes of the body are based on cellular activity and that the cells of all species exhibit remarkable biochemical unity.

Front 7

Squamous:

Back 7

a think, flat, scaly shape, often with a bulge where the nucleus is, much like the shape of a fried egg "sunny side up"

- they line the esophagus and form the surface layer of the skin

Front 8

Cubodial:

Back 8

squarish-looking in frontal selections and about equal in height and width

- liver cells

Front 9

Columnar:

Back 9

distinctly taller than wide, such as the inner lining cells of the stomach and intestines

Front 10

Polygonal:

Back 10

having irregular angular shapes with 4,5, or more sides

Front 11

Stellate:

Back 11

having multiple pointed processes projecting from the body of a cell, giving it a somewhat starlike shape

-the cell bodies of many nerve cells are starlike

Front 12

Spheroidat to ovoid:

Back 12

round to oval

- egg cells or white blood cells

Front 13

Discoid:

Back 13

disc-shaped;

- as in red blood cells

Front 14

fusiform:

Back 14

spindle-shaped; enlongated; with a thick middle; tapered ends

- as in smooth muscle cells

Front 15

Fibrous:

Back 15

long, slender, and threadlike, as in skeletal muscle cells and the axons (nerve fibers) of nerve cells

Front 16

micrometer:

Back 16

most useful unit of measurement for designating cell sizes

Front 17

the surface area of a cell is proportion to:

Back 17

the square of its diameter, while volume is proportional to the cube of its diameter

Front 18

cytoplasm:

Back 18

the fluid between the nucleus and surface membrane

Front 19

resolution:

Back 19

the most important thing about a good microscope. the ability to reveal detail

Front 20

cytosol (intracellular fluid)

Back 20

clear gel that embeds cytoskeleton, organelles, and inclusions

Front 21

extracellular fluid:

Back 21

all body fluids not contained in the cells

Front 22

many of the most physiologically important processes occur at the :

Back 22

surface of the cell.

such as: immune responses, binding of egg and sperm, cell-to-cell signaling by hormones

Front 23

plasma membrane:

Back 23

borders the cell and oragnelles (thickness of 7.5 nm)

Front 24

intracellular face:

Back 24

the side that faces the cytoplasm

Front 25

extracellular face:

Back 25

the side that faces outward

Front 26

typically about 98% of the membrane molecules are ___________, and about 75% of those are _______

Back 26

lipids, phospholipid