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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were some of the new products of the 2nd Industrial Revolution (growth of industrial prosperity)?
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Steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum.
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Describe the importance of steel for iron.
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There was new ways of shaping. Germany was the #1 producer and the U.S, was #1 world wide.
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What country was the #1 producer of chemicals in Europe?
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Germany, also led to the development of film.
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Describe the importance of electricity during this time (1871-1894).
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Converts to other forms of energy, easy movement. By 1900s areas were linked to one power source. Used in transportation-electric railway, streetcars, subways. Allowed for countries without coal to become industrialized.
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Give some background on the internal combustion engine.
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1878 powered by gas and air.
1900 petroleum used for engines. |
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How did the internal combustion engine impact cars?
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Gottlieb Daimler-petrol engine.
Henry Ford. |
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How did the internal combustion engine impact airplanes?
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Wright brothers first flight in fixed-wing plane--powered by gasoline.
ww1 stimulates aircraft industry. |
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Describe the "new markets" of industrial prosperity.
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Incomes and population rising on the continent. Focused shifted from foreign markets to domestic markets. Led to a reaction against free trade--tariffs, canals, eliminate competition.
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How were the factories different during this time?
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Larger-iron and steel industry especially. Very evident in Germany. There was greater efficiency. Interchangeable parts. Assembly line--automobile industry.
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Describe the new patterns in an industrial economy.
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Depression/recession--1873-1895. There was an economic boom after 1895 (la belle epoque). German industrial leadership replaces Great Britain and there was a huge emphasis on science and technologies in schools/colleges.
Europe's 2 economic zones--GB, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Western Austro-Hungarian, and Northern Italy were considered advanced. Southern Italy, most of Austria-Hungary, Spain, Portugal, Balkan kingdoms, and Russia there was little industrial development. |
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What was the world economy like during this time?
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Better transportation tied the world together. European importation of goods from South America and Africa, exploitation. Investment in foreign railways, mines, plants, etc. Europe dominating world economy by the end of 19th century.
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How did women and work opportunities change?
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Right to work. Some thought that should still be held to the ideal of domesticity. They were sweatshops--low pay and long hours, ex: tailoring. There were more white collar jobs--government jobs also for men. Shortage of male workers meant women were hired. EX: clerks and typists, secretaries and telephone operators. Teachers and nurses required education. This was a way out of the dirty work of the working class. Total % of working women didn't increase it just shifts.
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How was prostitution different?
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Numbers rose in the late nineteenth century. Taxed and regulated by European government. Contagious Disease Acts-1870s and 1880s--womens rights thought this was unfair, eventually acts were replaced.
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Describe the socialist parties during this time.
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Based on marxist ideas.
EX: Social democratic party--Germany, Competed for elections, workers rights, it was the largest parties in Germany by 1912. Not radical. |
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Where were there some other social parties?
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France, Belgium, Austria, Hungary, Russia.
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Describe some of the ideas of Evolutionary Socialism.
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Revisionism. Edward Bernstein--Marx was wrong on many ideas, middle class expanded, revolution not necessary, working class had higher standard of living than ever before, socialist goals could be achieved through democratic means.
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Regarding organization of the working class, how was Nationalism?
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Marx said that working men have no country. Socialist parties different in each country. Remained loyal to the war efforts of their country.
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What was the role of trade unions?
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Improve the working conditions, right to strike in 1870s.
England 1/5 force in unions-largest in Europe. France--tied to socialist parties. |
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Describe the emergence of mass society.
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Concerns of majority became important. Voting rights. Higher standard of living. Mass education. Population growth.
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How did Emigration change?
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From eastern to western or to the u.s. Economic motives. Persecuted minorities--poles, serbs, Slovaks, croats, romanians. Jews.
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