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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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functions of upper respiratory system? |
collects air, filters, delivers oxygen and carbon dioxide |
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functions of lower respiratory? |
gas exchange |
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protective components of nasal cavity? |
hairs and ciliated mucous membrane to filter and trap microbes |
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protective components of pharynx? |
lined with ciliated mucous membrane that pushes contaminants to digestive system |
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protective components of tonsils? |
aggregations of lymphoid |
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is the upper respiratory system typically sterile and the lower system highly colonized? |
no, other way around |
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protective components of the lower respiratory? |
ciliated cells of mucous, alveolar macrophages, secretory antibodies |
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normal microbiota of the respiratory system include.. |
haemophilus influenzae-colonizes the nose
staphylococcus aureus
streptococci-nose and throat
corynebacterium diptheriae |
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the viridian's group are what and what type of hemolytic? |
alpha heomlytic, S. mutans, S. salivarius |
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beta hemolytic streptococci? |
S. pyogenes S. agalactiae-meningitis S. equi S.faecalis S.anginosus S.canis |
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group a streptococci virulence factors-s.pyogenes? |
m proteins-- spiky surface projections to resis phagocytosis. inactivate C3b--basis of rheumatic fever
hyaluronic acid-- capsule for camouflage
streptokinases--declotting agents
C5a peptidase--inactivates peptide C5a
Pyrogenic toxins--fever
Streptolysin-- causes beta hemolysis |
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how are streptococcal diseases spread? |
respiratory droplets |
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most effective treatment and why? |
penicillin, streptococci are less resistant to penicillin that staphylococci |
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corynebacterium diptheriae produces what toxins and prevents what to result what? |
diphtheria toxin which prevents protein synthesis and results sore throat |
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oozing fluid can harden into what and can further damage what |
hardens into pseudomembrane and obstruct airway |
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was diphtheria the leading cause of death in children or adults in the 1900's US? |
children |
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what is sinusitis? |
pain and pressure in sinus--adults |
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what is otitis media? |
pain in ears--in children through immunity development |
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most common cause of the cold |
rhinoviruses |
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what are bacterial pneumonias? |
inflammatory illness in lungs with fluid filled alveoli and bronchioles |
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pneumococcal pneumonia causes? |
chest pain, short breathing |
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what type of hemolysis in pneumococcal pneumonia? |
alpha-hemolytic |
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primary artypical mycoplasma pneumonia causes what? |
fever, malaise, sore throat, sweating |
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virulence factors and spread how> |
adhension protein nasal secretions |
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treated with? (2) |
tetracycline and erythromycin |
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klebsiella pneumonia is what type of pathogen and what virulence factor? |
opportunistic
thick capsule |
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what type of individuals are at great risk for klebsiella pneumonia? |
immunocopromised individuals |
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Legionnaires pneumonia symptoms and what do they do? |
complications to vommiting, CNS, liver, and kidneys, causes tissue damage and inflammation |
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where does L.pneumophila thrive? |
ubiquitous, aquatic, gram- bacterium that thrives in warm water |
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What is the minimum infective dose for tuberculosis? |
10 cells |
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what are the 3 types of tb? |
primary-initial case=50% fatality, weight loss, cough
secondary- re-established tb
disseminated- tb in multiple systems |
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tb is the leading killer of individuals with what disease? |
HIV+ |
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Characteristics of pertussis |
it is the whooping cough, caused by bordetella pertussis |
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virulence factors of pertussis? |
pertussis toxin adenylate cyclase toxin dermonecrotic toxin trachel cytotoxin |
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4 phases of whooping cough? |
incubation catarrhal (inflammation) paroxysmal (coughing) convalescent |
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The influenza A genome contains how many genes, proteins, and RNA pieces? |
11 genes, 11 proteins, 8 pieces of RNA
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Main complaint about influenza? |
aching |
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What was the swine flu? |
a 2009 pandemic of influenza H1N1 |
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mutations of influenza can occur via 2 main processes |
antigenic drift antigenic shift |
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What is the most common early childhood respiratory disease? |
Respiratory syncytial Virus Infection |
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Diagnosis of RSV is made by? |
immunoassay combined with signs of respiratory distress |
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what is the primary resevoire of the hantavirus? |
peromyscus maniculatus |
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HPS is transmitted to humans through what process? but it cannot be transmitted from what to what? |
aerosolization
person to person or from animals |
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found in what regions of the us? |
utah, AZ, CO, NM |
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What disease resembles pneumonia or tb? |
coccidiodomycosis |
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how does the pathogen assume in the body> |
in yeast form at human body temp, inhaled through from spores of soil |
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Pneumocystis pneumonia is what type of infection? |
yeast like fungus |
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PCP is most common to what type of people? |
HIV+ |
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